Table 3.
Logistic regression estimates for multimorbidity among older adults, LASI, 2017–18, (n = 28,050)
| Background characteristics | Model-1 | Model-2 | Model-3 | Model-4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | |
| Obese/overweight | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.61*(1.48–1.74) | 1.62*(1.50–1.76) | 1.60*(1.48–1.74) | |
| High risk waist circumference | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.66*(1.52–1.8) | 1.64*(1.5–1.79) | 1.66*(1.52–1.81) | |
| High risk waist-Hip ratio | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.45*(1.33–1.59) | 1.46*(1.34–1.6) | 1.45*(1.33–1.58) | |
| Age | ||||
| Young-old | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Old-old | 1.26*(1.17–1.34) | 1.26*(1.17–1.34) | 1.26*(1.17–1.35) | 1.26*(1.17–1.34) |
| Oldest-old | 1.10(0.99–1.22) | 1.10(0.99–1.22) | 1.10(0.99–1.22) | 1.10(0.99–1.22) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Ref | |||
| Female | 0.86*(0.79–0.94) | |||
| Education | ||||
| No education/primary not completed | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Primary completed | 1.27*(1.16–1.40) | 1.27*(1.16–1.39) | 1.27*(1.16–1.39) | 1.27*(1.16–1.4) |
| Secondary completed | 1.29*(1.18–1.41) | 1.29*(1.18–1.41) | 1.29*(1.18–1.41) | 1.29*(1.18–1.41) |
| Higher and above | 1.24*(1.10–1.39) | 1.24*(1.10–1.4) | 1.25*(1.11–1.4) | 1.24*(1.10–1.39) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Currently married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Widowed | 0.97(0.90–1.04) | 0.97(0.90–1.04) | 0.97(0.9–1.04) | 0.97(0.90–1.04) |
| Others | 0.81*(0.67–0.99) | 0.81*(0.67–0.99) | 0.81*(0.67–0.98) | 0.81*(0.67–0.99) |
| Work status | ||||
| Working | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Not working/Retired | 1.79*(1.64–1.94) | 1.79*(1.64–1.94) | 1.79*(1.64–1.94) | 1.79*(1.64–1.94) |
| Never worked | 1.77*(1.60–1.96) | 1.76*(1.59–1.95) | 1.76*(1.59–1.95) | 1.77*(1.60–1.96) |
| Tobacco consumption | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.01(0.94–1.09) | 1.01(0.94–1.08) | 1.01(0.94–1.08) | 1.01(0.94–1.09) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.04(0.95–1.14) | 1.04(0.95–1.14) | 1.04(0.95–1.14) | 1.04(0.95–1.14) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Frequent | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Rare | 1.03(0.91–1.16) | 1.03(0.91–1.16) | 1.03(0.91–1.16) | 1.03(0.91–1.16) |
| Never | 1.33*(1.21–1.46) | 1.33*(1.21–1.46) | 1.33*(1.21–1.46) | 1.33*(1.21–1.46) |
| MPCE quintile | ||||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Poorer | 1.23*(1.11–1.36) | 1.23*(1.11–1.36) | 1.23*(1.11–1.36) | 1.23*(1.11–1.36) |
| Middle | 1.39*(1.26–1.53) | 1.39*(1.26–1.53) | 1.38*(1.25–1.53) | 1.39*(1.26–1.53) |
| Richer | 1.60*(1.45–1.77) | 1.60*(1.45–1.77) | 1.60*(1.44–1.76) | 1.60*(1.45–1.77) |
| Richest | 1.98*(1.79–2.19) | 1.98*(1.79–2.19) | 1.98*(1.79–2.19) | 1.98*(1.79–2.19) |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Muslim | 1.32*(1.21–1.45) | 1.33*(1.21–1.45) | 1.32*(1.21–1.45) | 1.32*(1.21–1.45) |
| Christian | 1.20*(1.06–1.36) | 1.20*(1.06–1.36) | 1.20*(1.06–1.36) | 1.20*(1.06–1.36) |
| Others | 1.12(0.97–1.29) | 1.12(0.97–1.29) | 1.12(0.97–1.29) | 1.12(0.97–1.29) |
| Caste | ||||
| Scheduled Caste | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.67*(0.59–0.77) | 0.67*(0.59–0.77) | 0.67*(0.59–0.77) | 0.67*(0.59–0.77) |
| Other Backward Class | 1.02(0.93–1.12) | 1.02(0.93–1.12) | 1.02(0.93–1.12) | 1.02(0.93–1.12) |
| Others | 1.10*(1.00–1.22) | 1.10*(1.00–1.22) | 1.10(1.00–1.21) | 1.10*(1.00–1.22) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Urban | 1.43*(1.34–1.53) | 1.43*(1.33–1.52) | 1.42*(1.33–1.52) | 1.43*(1.34–1.53) |
| Region | ||||
| North | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Central | 0.71*(0.63–0.8) | 0.71*(0.63–0.8) | 0.71*(0.63–0.80) | 0.71*(0.63–0.80) |
| East | 1.21*(1.09–1.33) | 1.21*(1.09–1.34) | 1.21*(1.09–1.34) | 1.21*(1.09–1.33) |
| Northeast | 0.72*(0.63–0.83) | 0.72*(0.63–0.83) | 0.72*(0.63–0.83) | 0.72*(0.63–0.83) |
| West | 1.42*(1.28–1.58) | 1.42*(1.28–1.58) | 1.42*(1.28–1.58) | 1.42*(1.28–1.58) |
| South | 1.88*(1.71–2.07) | 1.88*(1.71–2.07) | 1.88*(1.71–2.07) | 1.88*(1.71–2.07) |
| Obese/overweight # gender | ||||
| Yes # male | Ref | |||
| No # male | 0.66*(0.59–0.73) | |||
| No # female | 0.55*(0.49–0.62) | |||
| Yes # female | 0.93(0.82–1.06) | |||
| High risk waist circumference # gender | ||||
| Yes # male | Ref | |||
| No # male | 0.72*(0.62–0.82) | |||
| No # female | 0.59*(0.50–0.69) | |||
| Yes # female | 1.03(0.90–1.20) | |||
| High risk waist-hip ratio # gender | ||||
| Yes # male | Ref | |||
| No # male | 0.67*(0.6–0.76) | |||
| No # female | 0.60*(0.53–0.69) | |||
| Yes # female | 0.86*(0.78–0.94) | |||
Ref Reference; #: Interaction; *if p < 0.05; AOR Adjusted odds ratio, MPCE, Monthly per capita consumption expenditure