TABLE 1—

Per-Capita Median Active Travel Time, Annual Avoided and Incurred Deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Monetized Health Costs, and Carbon Emissions by Pathway and Scenario: United States, 2050

Scenario	Median Travel Time (min/p/w)		Physical Activity Pathway		PM2.5 Pathway		Road Traffic Injurya Pathway		Costs, Billion, $, ΔVSLb	Carbon Emissions, MMTY
Walk	Cycle	ΔDeaths	ΔDALYs	ΔDeaths	ΔDALYs	ΔDeaths	ΔDALYs
Baseline	14	1								630
Active transport
100%	75	75	178 000	2 900 000	330	3 800	−11 000	−442 000	1 600	480
25%	19	19	52 000	988 000	80	950	−4 000	−217 000	470	600
Electrification of light-duty passenger vehicles
100%	14	1	0	0	1 400	16 400	0	0	13	0
50%	14	1	0	0	700	8 200	0	0	7	315

Note. DALY = disability adjusted life year; min/p/w = minutes per person per week; MMTY = million metric tons per year; PM_2.5 = fine particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm; VSL = value of a statistical life. Figures in table are rounded.

^aNegative sign indicates increase in deaths and DALYs.

^bVSL = $9.8 million (2019 dollars).