Nandhini 2016.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	220 preterms (28 to 34 weeks) infants (most participants very preterm or VLBW)
Interventions	Synbiotics (N = 110): Lactobacillus casei (3 × 10⁸ cfu) + L. rhamnosus (4 x10⁸ cfu) + L. plantaris (3 x10⁸ cfu) + L. bulgaricus (3 x10⁸ cfu) + Bifidobacterium infantis (3 × 10⁸ cfu) + B. breve (3 x10⁸ cfu) + B. longum (4 × 10⁸ cfu) plus FOS (100 mg) added to maternal milk twice daily for 7 days Control (N= 43): no synbiotic supplement
Outcomes	NEC  Death Invasive infection Length of hospital stay
Notes	India (single centre: study dates not stated) Funding: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Complete reporting for primary outcomes
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes listed in protocol reported
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence baseline imbalance