TABLE 1.

Validated Scale Measures of Stress

Variable	Facet	Questions∗	Possible Score†	Cronbach's α‡
Job Descriptive Index§	Coworkers	6	0 to 18	0.731
A measure of job satisfaction with six facets including coworkers, the work itself, pay, promotion potential, coworkers, and supervision. Responses were limited to Yes, No, or Cannot Decide. The higher the score, the more positive the work experience.	Job in General	8	0 to 24	0.818
	Work	6	0 to 18	0.793
	Pay	6	0 to 18	0.850
	Promotion Potential	6	0 to 18	0.784
	Supervision	6	0 to 18	0.703
Effort Reward Imbalance||	Effort	6	4 to 24	0.568
A measure of how the rewards such as promotion, job security, and respect compare to the efforts put into the work such as responsibility, overtime, and pressure. Responses were a four level likert scale: Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. Ratio value with Effort over Reward and a score above one indicates that effort exceeds the rewards.	Reward	11	11 to 44	0.816
Everyday Discrimination Scale¶	Experiences	9	9 to 45	0.856
A measure of experiences of discrimination as perceived by the respondents. Responses were a five level likert scale from Never to Almost Everyday. The higher value the more frequent the discrimination.

^∗Correction factors were applied when necessary to equally weight each facet of the questionnaire.

^†Scale responses were coded to numeric values and reverse coded when appropriate.

^‡Scores above 0.50 are considered acceptable.

^§Brodke et al.²⁵

^||Siegrist J, Starke D, Chandola T, et al. The measurement of effort–reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Soc Sci Med 2004, 58:1483–1499.

^¶Williams DR, Yan Yu, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997; 2(3):335–351.