Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics.

Variable No. (%) or Mean (SD)	Overall (N = 589)	Full-Term (N = 307)	Preterm (N = 212)	Stillbirth (N = 70)
Maternal Education Attainment
Any Primary School	37 (6.3%)	15 (4.9%)	15 (7.1%)	7 (10.0%)
Some High School	407 (69.1%)	207 (67.4%)	151 (71.2%)	49 (70.0%)
Completed High School	113 (19.2%)	67 (21.8%)	34 (16.0%)	12 (17.1%)
Beyond High School	30 (5.1%)	18 (5.9%)	10 (4.7%)	2 (2.9%)
Declined or Unknown	2 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.9%)	0 (0%)
Maternal Employment Status
Employed	418 (71.0%)	98 (31.9%)	57 (26.9%)	16 (22.9%)
Unemployed	171 (29.0%)	209 (68.1%)	155 (73.1%)	54 (77.1%)
Marital Status
Not Married	305 (51.8%)	153 (49.8%)	114 (53.8%)	38 (54.3%)
Married	284 (48.2%)	154 (50.2%)	98 (46.2%)	32 (45.7%)
Maternal Height (cm)
< 145 cm	15 (2.5%)	10 (3.3%)	3 (1.4%)	2 (2.9%)
145–149 cm	45 (7.6%)	26 (8.5%)	13 (6.1%)	6 (8.6%)
150–155 cm	153 (26.0%)	68 (22.1%)	64 (30.2%)	21 (30.0%)
>155 cm	376 (63.8%)	203 (66.1%)	132 (62.3%)	41 (58.6%)
Maternal Depression (EPDS a )
EPDS Score <13	283 (48.0%)	163 (49.8%)	114 (47.7%)	6 (26.1%)
EPDS Score 13–15	72 (12.2%)	41 (12.5%)	28 (11.7%)	3 (13.0%)
EPDS Score >15	200 (34.0%)	115 (35.2%)	77 (32.2%)	8 (34.8%)
Unknown	34 (5.8%)	8 (2.4%)	20 (8.4%)	6 (26.1%)
Maternal Age at Delivery
<20 Years	101 (17.1%)	54 (17.6%)	29 (13.7%)	18 (25.7%)
20 to <35 Years	449 (76.2%)	240 (78.2%)	161 (75.9%)	48 (68.6%)
≥ 35 Years	39 (6.6%)	13 (4.2%)	22 (10.4%)	4 (5.7%)
Mode of Delivery
Vaginal	509 (86.4%)	275 (89.6%)	166 (78.3%)	68 (97.1%)
Cesarean	79 (13.4%)	32 (10.4%)	46 (21.7%)	1 (1.4%)
Unknown	1 (0.02%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.4%)
Parity
Primipara	208 (35.3%)	109 (35.5%)	72 (34.0%)	27 (38.6%)
Multipara	381 (64.7%)	198 (64.5%)	140 (66.0%)	43 (61.4%)
Gestational Age at Birth	36.0 (4.82)	39.4 (1.12)	33.8 (3.30)	27.8 (4.80)
Sex
Male	299 (50.8%)	150 (48.9%)	113 (53.3%)	36 (51.4%)
Female	282 (47.9%)	157 (51.1%)	99 (46.7%)	26 (37.1%)
Unknown	8 (1.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	8 (11.4%)

^aEPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.