Table 1.
MANOVA Results for the Relationship Between Nightmare Characteristics and Clinical Indicators of PTSD
| Wilk’s Lambda | PTSD Intensity | Re-experiencing | Avoidance | Numbing | Arousal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Value, F (df) | M (SD) | F (SS) | M (SD) | F (SS) | M (SD) | F (SS) | M (SD) | F (SS) | M (SD) | F (SS) | ||
| Replication | .08, 160.97 (58)* | High | 39 (9) | 1.74 (157)† | 17 (8) | .30 (10) | 9 (5) | 1.59 (27) | 18 (8) | .73 (34) | 27 (9) | .02 (.44) |
| Low | 33 (10) | 15 (6) | 8 (4) | 15 (8) | 25 (6) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Recall | .92, 1.50 (70) | High | 36 (9) | 1.20 (100) | 17 (7) | 2.23 (78)†† | 9 (4) | .39 (7) | 17 (8) | 2.80 (78) † | 26 (7) | .03 (1) |
| Low | 33 (10) | 13 (6) | 8 (4) | 14 (7) | 26 (7) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Realism | .131, 2.27 (60)* | High | 36 (11) | 2.71 (248)† | 16 (7) | .01 (.07) | 9 (4) | .12 (2) | 17 (8) | −2.78 (248)† | 26 (7) | .36 (12) |
| Low | 31 (6) | 12 (5) | 8 (4) | 13 (8) | 25 (5) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Threat | .18, 1.68 (48)†† | High | 35 (9) | .67 (51) | 15 (6) | .01 (.41) | 8 (4) | .01 (1) | 15 (7) | .04 (2) | 27 (6) | 5.73 (213)* |
| Low | 33 (10) | 15 (8) | 8 (4) | 15 6) | 22 (7) | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Symbolism | .13, 2.11 (56) | High | 34 (10) | .27 (25) | 16 (6) | .01 (1) | 9 (4) | .05 (1) | 16 (8) | .02 (2) | 26 (6) | .05 (2) |
| Low | 36 (10) | 16 (7) | 8 (4) | 16 (8) | 26 (8) | |||||||
Notes: Wilk’s Lambda represents the omnibus F for the MANOVA for each nightmare characteristic. Other F statistics are between subjects effects. Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) sleep and nightmare items were removed from all relevant scales. PTSD Intensity = CAPS intensity score for all items. Re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing and arousal are total CAPS severity score for each of these clusters. For all dream characteristics “high” was coded as 4 and 5 and “low” was coded as 1, 2, and 3 on the Nightmare Coding Template.
*
p < .05
†
p< .10
††
p<.20. SS= Sum of Squares. Post-hoc power ranged from .419-.529 for MANOVA models.