Schematic of the five major CRISPR-based genome editing technologies and six site-specific DNA lesions/structures generated by them. Enzymatic activities of genome editors generating the depicted DNA lesions/structures, DNA repair processes involved in their resolution, and outcomes of the repair events are also illustrated. BER (base excision repair), HDR (homology-directed repair), MMR (mismatch repair), SSBR (single-strand break repair) and TLS (translesion synthesis).