| Pfizer vaccine (BioNTech) |
Moderna vaccine (mRNA-1273) |
Janssen (JNJ-78436735) |
| Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) |
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) |
Recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein |
| Lipids (their main role is to protect the mRNA and provide somewhat of a “greasy” exterior that helps the mRNA slide inside the cells). ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate), 2 [(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N, N-ditetradecylacetamide 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3- phosphocholine cholesterol. |
Lipids (require lipids to help deliver the mRNA to the cells.) SM-102 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG2000-DMG) cholesterol 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). |
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| Salts (to help balance the acidity in our body): potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate. |
Salt: sodium acetate |
Salt: trisodium citrate dihydrate |
| Sugar (helps the molecules maintain their shape during freezing). Basic table sugar, also known as sucrose, can also be found in the new COVID vaccine. This ingredient helps the molecules maintain their shape during freezing. |
Sugar: sucrose |
Sugars: 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBCD) polysorbate-80, sodium chloride |
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Acids: acetic acid, acid stabilizers, tromethamine and tromethamine hydrochloride |
Acids: citric acid monohydrate |
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Other ingredients: ethanol |
