Table 2.

Results of plasma hormone levels in patients and controls. Values are represented as mean ± SD (standard deviation). There were significant differences between leptin, FSH, IGF-1, cortisol, and BMI between female patients and controls but not in male participants as indicated.

	Male participants							Male participants
	Control group			Patients				Control group			Patients
	Mean	Standard deviation ±	n	Mean	Standard deviation ±	n	p=	Mean	Standard deviation ±	n	Mean	Standard deviation ±	n	p=
Cortisol (μg/dl)	15.10	4.31	18	14.18	5.57	13	0.61	16.55	4.91	130	14.76	4.55	137	0.002
LH (U/l)	3.98	2.08	18	9.33	21.43	13	0.298	22.40	15.85	130	25.20	15.26	137	0.142
FSH (mU/ml)	4.61	2.92	18	17.88	39.19	13	0.16	44.08	36.67	130	53.16	37.38	137	0.046
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	158.67	57.76	18	135.77	55.73	13	0.278	144.61	44.18	130	129.64	64.81	137	0.029
DHEA-S (ng/ml)	2.078, 28	1.227, 16	18	1.731, 83	1.391, 21	12	0.478	988.97	555.95	130	897.01	665.89	137	0.224
Leptin (ng/ml)	7.59	5.11	12	13.76	22.50	12	0.365	15.76	12.13	129	25.24	18.08	91	<0.001
Body mass index	25.02	3.38	16	26.63	3.75	12	0.244	24.20	3.96	125	27.02	5.26	123	<0.001