Table 1.
Mycotoxins and related fungi with commonly contaminating crops and foodstuffs in different African countries.
| Mycotoxin | Foodstuffs | Related fungi | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aflatoxins | Maize, milk, and animal feeds | Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus | Kenya |
| Aflatoxins | Groundnuts, cassava, millet, sorghum flour, and eshabwe sauce | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Uganda |
| Aflatoxins | Meat products, spices, cereal grains, nuts and seeds, medicinal plants, milk, infant milk formula, cereals | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Egypt |
| Nivalenol | Cereals and cereal products | Fusarium spp. | Tunisia and Morocco |
| Aflatoxins | Cereals and cereal products | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | |
| Ochratoxins A | Cereals and cereal products | A. ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum | |
| Fumonisins | Cereals and cereal products | Fusarium spp. | |
| Fumonisins | Maize | Fusarium spp. | Tanzania |
| Aflatoxins | Maize | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | |
| Fumonisins | Maize | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Zambia |
| Aflatoxins | Shiro, ground red pepper, sorghum, barley, teff and wheat sorghum, barley, and wheat | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Ethiopia |
| Ochratoxins A | Sorghum | A. ochraceus, P. verrucosum | |
| Deoxynivalenol | Sorghum | Fusarium spp. | |
| Fumonisins | Fusarium spp. | ||
| Zearalenone | Gibberella spp. and Fusarium spp. | ||
| Aflatoxins | Sesame oil, groundnut oil, and peanuts butter | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Sudan |
| Aflatoxins | Rice and weaning foods | A.flavus and A. parasiticus | Nigeria |
| Ochratoxins A | Rice | A. ochraceus, P. verrucosum | |
| Aflatoxins | Maize | A. flavus and A. parasiticus Fusarium spp. | Ghana |
| Fumonisins | Maize | ||
| Aflatoxins | Maize | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Benin |
| Chips | |||
| Aflatoxins | Dried vegetables (baobab leaves, hot chili, and okra) | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Benin, Mali, and Togo |
| Aflatoxins | Groundnuts | A. flavus and A. parasiticus | Burkina Faso |
| Fumonisins | Maize and compound feeds | Fusarium spp. | South Africa |
| Deoxynivalenol | Compound feeds | Fusarium spp. | |
| Zearalenone | Compound feeds | Gibberella spp. and Fusarium spp. | |
| Zearalenone | Sorghum beer | Gibberella spp. and Fusarium spp. | Lesotho |
Adapted from [29] with modifications.