Table 2.
Common lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food products in Africa.
| Product | Substrate | LAB | Nature of use | Region | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seketeh | Maize | Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis | Alcohol | Nigeria | [98] |
| Sorghum beer | Sorghum, maize | LAB | Liquid drink, acidic, weakly alcoholic drink | South Africa | [98] |
| Tobwa | Maize | LAB | Nonalcoholic drink | Zimbabwe | [98] |
| Uji | Sorghum, maize, millet | L. paracasei | Nonalcoholic | Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania | [99] |
| Pito | Maize, sorghum, and millet | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | Alcoholic dark brown drink | Nigeria, Ghana | [100] |
| Ogi | Maize, millet sorghum | L. plantarum | Paste as staple, weaning food for babies alcoholic | Nigeria, West Africa | [100] |
| Nasha | Sorghum | LAB | Porridge | Sudan | [98] |
| Mutwiwa | Maize | LAB | Porridge | Zimbabwe | [98] |
| Merissa | Sorghum and millet | LAB | Alcoholic | Sudan | [98] |
| Mahewu | Maize | Lc. lactis subsp. lactis | Solid staple | Zimbabwe | [101] |
| Mawe | Maize | LAB | Basis for preparation of many dishes | South Africa | [98] |
| Kunun-zaki | Maize, sorghum, and millet | L. fermentum, L. leichimani, Streptococcus spp. | Paste used as a breakfast dish | Nigeria | [100] |
| Kisra | Sorghum | LAB | Staple as bread | Sudan | [100] |
| Koko | Maize | L. plantarum, Lb. brevis | Porridge as staple | Ghana | [98] |
| Kenkey | Maize | L. fermentum, L. reuteri | Mush | Ghana | [98] |
| Kaffir beer | Kaffir corn, rice | LAB | Alcoholic drink liquid | South Africa | [98] |
| Injera | Sorghum, tef, maize or wheat | LAB | Bread-like staple | Ethiopia | [102] |
| Ilambazi lokubilisa | Maize | LAB | Porridge as weaning food | Zimbabwe | [98] |
| Doro | Finger millet malt | LAB | Colloidal thick alcoholic drink | Zimbabwe | [98] |
| Banku | Maize | LAB | Dough as staple | Ghana | [98] |
| Burukutu | Sorghum | Leuc. Mesenteroides | Alcoholic drink | Nigeria, Benin, Ghana | [103] |
| Busaa | Rice, millet, maize | L. helveticus, Lb. salivarus, Lb. casei, Lb. brevis, L. plantarum, Lb. buchneri, | Alcoholic | Nigeria, Ghana | [98] |
| Fura | Maize and sorghum | L. plantarum, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Enterococcus | Nigeria | [100] | |
| Agidi | Maize, sorghum and millet | LAB | Nigeria | [98, 100] | |
| Burukutu | Sorghum and millet | Leuc. mesenteroides | West Africa | [100] | |
| Bushera | Sorghum and millet | LAB | Nonalcoholic | Uganda | [104] |
| Tella | Barley, wheat, sorghum, millet, maize, and teff | LAB | Alcoholic | Ethiopia | [105] |