Table 4.

Lactic acid bacteria and their active compounds against mycotoxin-producing fungi.

LAB strain	Activity spectrum	Active compounds	Reference
Lactobacillus casei, L. rhamnosus, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. sakei, and L. reuteri	Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus	3-Phenyllactic acid	[143]
L. sanfranciscensis CB1	Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Monilia spp.	Caproic acids, propionic acid, butyric acid, n-valeric acid	[144]
L. plantarum 21B	Broad-spectrum	4-Hydroxy-phenyllactic acids	[145]
L. plantarum MiLAB 393	Broad-spectrum	3-Phenyllactic acid, cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Phe-OH-Pro)	[146]
L. coryniformis Si3	Broad-spectrum	Cyclic dipeptides, phenyllactic acid, cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Phe-OH-Pro)	[147]
L. plantarum MiLAB 14	Broad-spectrum	Hydroxy fatty acids	[148]
L. plantarum K35	A. flavus and A. parasiticus	Lactic acid, 2-butyl-4-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, stearic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, and pyroglutamic acid	[149]
L. plantarum FST 1.7	F. culmorum and F. graminearum	Lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, cyclic dipeptides cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro), and cyclo (l-Phe-l-Pro)	[150]
L. plantarum AF1	A. flavus	C12H22N2O2, 3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5-piperazinedion	[151]
L. pentosus TV35b	Candida albicans	Pentocin TV35b	[152]
L. plantarum VE56, Weissella cibaria FMF4B16, and W. paramesenteroides LC11.	Broad-spectrum	Phenyllactic acid and 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid	[153]
L. plantarum IMAU10014	Broad-spectrum	3-Phenyllactic acid, benzeneacetic acid, and 2-propenyl ester	[154]
L. casei AST18	Penicillium sp.	Cyclo-(Leu-Pro), 2,6-diphenyl-piperidine, and 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H, 6H-dipyrrolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d] pyrazine	[155]
L. hammesii DSM 16381	Mucor plumbeus, A. niger, and P. roqueforti	Monohydroxy C18:1 fatty acid	[156]
L. reuteri ee1p	P. expansum, Trichophyton tonsurans	(S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, phenyllactic acid, decanoic acid, azelaic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, DL-b-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid	[157]
L. amylovorus DSM 19280	A. fumigatus and F. culmorum	Carboxylic acids, cinnamic acid derivatives (3-phenylpropanoic acid, p-coumaric, and (E)-2-methylcinnamic acid), 3-phenyllactic acid and its hydroxy derivative (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl), lactic acid, acetic acid, D-glucuronic acid and salicylic acid, nucleosides (cytidine and 2′-deoxycytidine), sodium decanoate, and cyclic dipeptides	[158]
L. plantarum LB1 and L. rossiae LB5	P. roqueforti DPPMAF1	Organic acids (formic acid) and four antifungal peptides	[159]
L. plantarum TE10	A. flavus MD3	Two antifungal peptides (VLHEPLF and ALKAAPSPA)	[160]
Lactobacillus sp. RM1	A. parasiticus	6-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), (Z)-7-hexadecenal, pentadecane, dotriacontane, and 2-methyldecane	[142]
L. plantarum UM55	A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. arachidicola, A. nomius, and A. minisclerotigenes	Lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and indole lactic acid	[161]
L. reuteri	A. niger	n-Decanoic acid, 3- hydroxydecanoic acid and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid	[162]
L. fermentum CRL 251	A. niger, Penicillium sp., and F. graminearum	Lactic, acetic, and phenyllactic acids	[163]
Leuconostoc citreum L123, L. brevis Lu35, L. reuteri 5529, L. spicheri O15, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii LSaci68	P. corylophilum and A. niger	Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide, phenyllactic, hydroxyphenyllactic, azelaic, and caproic acids	[164]
L. plantarum UFG 121	Broad-spectrum	Lactic acid and phenyllactic acid	[165]