The uptake of NAL-SA-MVs in vitro and the targeting of NAL-SA-MVs in vivo. (A, B) Confocal fluorescence imaging of BV2 cells treated with FITC-ReVs and FITC-MVs. FITC-ReVs/FITC-MVs (green), nucleus (blue) and cell membrane (red). (C, D) Confocal fluorescence imaging of VSC4.1 cells treated with FITC-ReVs and FITC-MVs. FITC-ReVs/FITC-MVs (green), nucleus (blue) and cell membrane (red). (E) The spinal cord fluorescence imaging of SCI mice after FITC-ReVs and FITC-MVs injected by tail vein, respectively, at different time points. (F) Fluorescence quantitative analysis of spinal cord in different groups over time. (G) The fluorescence imaging of the major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) from different groups mice at 12 h after tail vein injection. (H) Fluorescence quantitative analysis of organs in different groups. All data represented the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.