Table 1.
SEE countries with published treatment guidelines for non-pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia—recommended interventions and implementation indicators (availability of intervention, training staff, and whether the intervention is included in the official service price list).
| Country | Treatment guidelines | Recommended interventions | Availability of intervention | Trained staff | Intervention included in the official service price list | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) | Albania | Ministry of Health (2018): Diagnostic and therapeutic care protocol for schizophrenia | 1) Art therapy | No | No | No |
| 2) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | No | No | No | |||
| 3) Family interventions | No | No | No | |||
| 4) Psychodynamic therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 5) Psychoeducation | No | No | No | |||
| 6) Social skills training | No | No | No | |||
| 7) Supportive therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 2) | Bosnia & Herzegovina |
1. Ministry of Health of the Canton of Sarajevo; Institute for Scientific Research and Development of University Clinical Center Sarajevo (2006): National guide for treating schizophrenia. 2.”Dr Mustafa Šehović Public Medical Center” and Association for Mutual Support and Mental Distress (FENIX) (2012): Manual for psychosocial interventions for persons with schizophrenia |
1) Family interventions | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2) Professional rehabilitation | No | No | No | |||
| 3) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 4) Social skills training | No | No | No | |||
| 5) Supportive psychotherapy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 3) | Bulgaria | American Psychiatric Association / Bulgarian Psychiatric Association (1998): Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia | 1) Assertive community treatment (ACT) | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2) Case management | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 3) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 4) Cognitive remediation | No | No | No | |||
| 5) Family interventions | No | No | No | |||
| 6) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 7) Self-help groups and organizations | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 8) Social skills training | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 9) Supported employment | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 4) | Croatia | Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Psychiatric Association, & Association for Mental Health Promotion (Svitanje; 2017): Psychiatric disorders encompassing psychosis and schizophrenia: Guidelines for psychosocial procedures and psychotherapy | 1) Adherence therapy | No | No | No |
| 2) Art therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 3) Assertive community treatment | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 4) Case management | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 5) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | No | No | Yes | |||
| 6) Cognitive remediation | No | Yes | No | |||
| 7) Family interventions | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 8) Professional rehabilitation | No | No | No | |||
| 9) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 10) Psychosocial interventions for maintaining optimal body weight | No | No | No | |||
| 11) Social skills training | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 5) | Greece | Greek Psychiatric Society (2015): Instructions for treating schizophrenia in Greece | 1) Art therapy | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| 2) Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) | No | No | No | |||
| 3) Cognitive rehabilitation | No | No | No | |||
| 4) Compliance therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 5) Family interventions | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 6) Psychoanalytic psychotherapy | No | No | No | |||
| 7) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 8) Social skills training | Yes | N/A | Yes | |||
| 6) | Moldova | Ministry of Health (2016): Schizophrenia first episode psychotic: National clinical protocol | 1) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2) Occupational therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 3) Psychosocial rehabilitation | No | No | No | |||
| 4) Family interventions | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 5) Peer to peer support groups | No | No | No | |||
| 6) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 7) Art therapy | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 8) Psychomotor therapy | No | No | No | |||
| 7) | Montenegro | Ministry of Health (2013): National guidelines of good clinical practice in treating schizophrenia | 1) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | No | No | No |
| 2) Family interventions | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 3) Professional rehabilitation (programs for supported employment) | No | No | No | |||
| 4) Psychosocial interventions dealing with addiction problems as comorbid disorders | No | No | No | |||
| 5) Psychosocial interventions for maintaining optimal body weight | No | No | No | |||
| 6) Social skills training | No | No | No | |||
| 8) | North Macedonia | Ministry of Health (2013): Instructions for the practicing of the evidence-based medicine within the treatment of schizophrenia | 1) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | No | No | Yes |
| 2) Family intervention | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 3) Psychoanalytic psychotherapy | No | No | Yes | |||
| 4) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 5) Social skills training | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 6) Supported employment | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 9) | Serbia | Ministry of Health Working Group (2013): National guidelines of good clinical practice in treating schizophrenia | 1) Art therapy | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 3) Counseling and supportive psychotherapy | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 4) Family psychotherapy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 5) Psychoeducation | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 6) Self-help groups and associations | No | No | No | |||
| 7) Social skills training | Yes | N/A | No | |||
N/A data not available.