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. 2022 Mar 1;12:3353. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07329-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Volcano plot of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (A–C) represent DEGs among three treatment groups (N0.5, N1 and N10), with treatment N0 as a control. (D,E) represent DEGs among two treatments (N1 and N10), with treatment N0.5 as a control. Genes with significant differential expression are represented by red dots (upregulated) and green dots (downregulated), while genes without significant differential expression are represented by blue dots. The abscissa represents the multiple changes in gene expression in different samples. The ordinate represents the statistical significance of the difference in gene expression.