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. 2022 Mar 1;5:185. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03132-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a HeLa_mCherry-Gal9 cells were treated with compound across 10-point dose titration series for 2 h and then stained for nuclei (Hoechst 33342, blue), fixed, and imaged. Representative images display the translocation of Gal9 (yellow) from cytosolic to punctate in a dose-dependent manner. Scale bar = 20 µm. b Image analysis reveals the narrow window in concentration between induction of endosomal rupture and cytotoxicity. Gal9 punctate (orange) reported as a percentage of max quantitation, normalized to nuclei signal. Cell survival (gray) reported as a percentage of all cells normalized to a DMSO control. HuH7 images are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1.