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. 2022 Mar 1;5:180. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03127-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Scheme of FluidFM-based injection/extraction of fungi. A microfluidic probe operated with an atomic force microscope (AFM) is inserted through the hard cell wall, allowing for a pressure-driven exchange of liquids between the probe microchannel and the cell interior. The FluidFM is mounted on an optical microscope that allows in situ monitoring of the manipulation. b Representative force-distance curves obtained upon probe insertion in the different organisms. Each plot features 5 curves recorded with different cells. c Estimated cell volumes, as measured from 2D microscopy images assuming tubular and spherical cell geometries, for (dissociated) HeLa cells (N = 132), C. cinerea (N = 88), C. albicans hyphal compartments (N = 116), S. pombe (N = 100) and S. cerevisiae (N = 105). Horizontal lines are means. d Scanning electron microscopy images of FluidFM probes with a custom-designed tip aperture for fungal injection. Left: Front view of the hollow cantilever with a pyramidal tip. Scale bar: 5 µm. Right: side- (top) and bottom- (down) views of the aperture on the pyramidal tip. Scale bars: 200 nm.