Table 2.
Studies examining the relationship between atopic diseases and hyperactivity in the meta-analysis.
| Study name | Country | Study design | Number of participants/Exposed group/unexposed group | Age (mean of the exposed group)/sex (male, %) | Diagnostic criteria for ADHD | Atopic disease/method used for assessing atopic diseases | Outcome scale | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuksel et al. 200858 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 100/62/38 | 7–12 years (9.2)/57% | DSM-IV | Asthma/physician’s diagnosis (GINA 2006) | Conner’s Parent Rating Scale | Included |
| Camfferman et al. 201026 | Australia | Cross-sectional | 107/77/30 | 6–16 years (9.9)/46.72% | Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised | Atopic dermatitis/physician’s diagnosis (Hanifin and Rajka criteria) | Conner’s Parent Rating Scale | Included |
| Lee et al. 201462 | Republic of Korea | Cross-sectional | 160/87/73 | 6–13 years (8.49)/39.4% | DSM-IV | Allergic rhinitis/physician’s diagnosis (ARIA guideline) | ARS | Included |
| Yang et al. 201463 | Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 122/93/29 | 6–14 years (10.78)/52.2% | DSM-IV-TR | Allergic rhinitis/physician’s diagnosis (ARIA 2008) + IgE test (MAST or Phadiatop tests) | SNAP-IV (parent) | Included |
| Catal et al. 201664 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 154/80/74 | 3–5 years | ECI-4 | Atopic dermatitis/physician’s diagnosis (Hanifin and Rajka criteria) | ECI-4 | Included |
| Hammer-Helmich et al. 201665 | Denmark | Cross-sectional | 9036/2433/6603 | 3–15 years (NA)/49.5% | SDQ | Eczema, asthma, and hay fever/Questionnaire | SDQ | Included |
| Yang et al. 201667 | Taiwan | Case–control | 99/68/31 | 6–14 years (9.25)/82.4% | DSM-IV | Allergic rhinitis/Physician’s diagnosis + IgE test (MAST or Phadiatop tests) | SNAP-IV (parent) | Included |
| Feng et al. 201768 | China | Cross-sectional | 643/248/320 | 6–12 years (9.25)/51.9% | DSM-IV | Allergic rhinitis/Physician’s diagnosis (ARIA 2008) + skin prick test | SNAP-IV | Included |
| Kuniyoshi et al. 201870 | Japan | Cross-sectional | 9954/1641/8313 | 7–14 years (10.42)/49.9% | SDQ | Eczema/ISAAC Eczema Symptom questionnaire | SDQ | Included |
| Schmitt et al. 20186 | Germany | Case–control | 89/35/45 | 6–12 years (9.9)/62.9% | ICD-10 | Atopic dermatitis/Dermatologist’s diagnosis (UK Working Party Criteria) | FBB-HKS | Included |
| Feng et al. 202074 | China | Cross-sectional | 273/89/184 | 6–12 years (8.3)/62.63% | SNAP-IV | Atopic dermatitis/Dermatologist’s diagnosis (UK criteria) | SNAP-IV | Included |
| Kuo et al. 202041 | Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 191/109/92 | (6.59)/54.44% | SNAP-IV | Atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis/Physician’s diagnosis | SNAP-IV | “Seek further information” |
| Minatoya et al. 202079 | Japan | Cross-sectional | 3862/799/3063 | (5.28)/49.9% | SDQ | Atopic dermatitis/ISAAC | SDQ | Included |
| Berzosa-Grande et al. 202119 | Spain | Cross-sectional | 366/194/172 | 6–11 years (8.68)/52.7% | CBCL | Asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/questionnaire | CBCL | Included |
| Özyurt et al. 202187 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 121/61/60 | 12–18 years (14.27)/47.54% | SDQ | Asthma/GINA (2017) | SDQ | Included |
| Rajhans et al. 202188 | India | Cross-sectional | 60/30/30 | 8–15 years (11.92)/70% | M.I.N.I. KID, CBCL | Asthma/GINA (2015) | CBCL | Included |
ADHD, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; GINA 2006, Global Initiative for Asthma, 2006; ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma; ARS, ADHD Rating Score; MAST, multiple-antigen simultaneous test; ECI-4, The Early Childhood Inventory-4; SNAP-IV, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; M.I.N.I. KID, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; FBB-HKS, The German ADHD Rating Scale.