Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, Year | Duration of trials (years) | Quality score | Follow-up time(Week) | Average age(years old) | Duration of rheumatoid arthritis (years) | Number of women(n) | Number of patients (n) | Total number of cases (n) | Intervention measures | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Den et al. (11) | NA | 4 | 4 | 55 | 11.9 | 22 | 31 | 120 | Placebo | |
| 54 | 11 | 10 | 17 | adalimumab 0.5mg/Kg | ||||||
| 58 | 11.2 | 10 | 18 | adalimumab 1mg/Kg | ||||||
| 54 | 10.8 | 8 | 18 | adalimumab 3mg/Kg | ||||||
| 59 | 14.5 | 15 | 18 | adalimumab 5mg/Kg | ||||||
| 53 | 8.9 | 12 | 18 | adalimumab 10mg/Kg | ||||||
| Frust et al. (15) | NA | 4 | 24 | 55 | 9.3 | 253 | 318 | 636 | adalimumab 40mg eow+DMARD | |
| 55.8 | 11.5 | 252 | 318 | placebo+DMARD | ||||||
| Van der Putte et al. (13) | NA | 4 | 12 | 53.7 | 10.4 | 61 | 72 | 284 | adalimumab 20mg qw | |
| 52.6 | 10 | 57 | 70 | adalimumab 40mg qw | ||||||
| 53.2 | 10.1 | 50 | 72 | adalimumab 80mg qw | ||||||
| 50.2 | 9.4 | 57 | 70 | placebo | ||||||
| Weinblatt et al. (14) | NA | 5 | 24 | 53.5 | 13.1 | 52 | 69 | 271 | adalimumab 20mg eow+MTX | |
| 57.2 | 12.2 | 50 | 67 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX | ||||||
| 55.5 | 12.8 | 55 | 73 | adalimumab 80mg eow+MTX | ||||||
| 56 | 11.1 | 51 | 62 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Keystone et al. (16) | NA | 5 | 52 | 56.1 | 11 | 158 | 207 | 619 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX | |
| 57.3 | 11 | 160 | 212 | adalimumab 20mg qw+MTX | ||||||
| 56.3 | 10.9 | 146 | 200 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| van der Putte et al. (19) | 2000.1-2001.6 | 7 | 26 | 53.1 | 9.3 | 84 | 106 | 544 | adalimumab 20mg eow | |
| 54.4 | 11.3 | 81 | 112 | adalimumab 20mg qw | ||||||
| 52.7 | 10.6 | 90 | 113 | adalimumab 40mg eow | ||||||
| 51.8 | 11.9 | 81 | 103 | adalimumab 40mg qw | ||||||
| 53.5 | 11.6 | 85 | 110 | placebo | ||||||
| Breedveld et al. (20) | PREMIER(NCT00195663) | NA | 6 | 104 | 51.9 | 0.7 | 193 | 268 | 799 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX |
| 52.1 | 0.7 | 212 | 274 | adalimumab 40mg eow | ||||||
| 52 | 0.8 | 190 | 257 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Kim et al. (25) | NA | 5 | 18 | 48.5 | 6.8 | 62 | 65 | 128 | 40 mg adalimumab eow+MTX | |
| 49.8 | 6.9 | 53 | 63 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Miyasaka et al. (31) | CHANGE | 2004.2-2005.6 | 5 | 24 | 54.8 | 10 | 69 | 87 | 352 | adalimumab 20mg eow |
| 56.9 | 9.9 | 72 | 91 | adalimumab 40mg eow | ||||||
| 54.3 | 9.5 | 72 | 87 | adalimumab 80mg eow | ||||||
| 53.4 | 8.4 | 67 | 87 | placebo | ||||||
| Bejarano et al. (28) | 2003.3.5-2004.12.2 | 7 | 56 | 47 | 9.5 | 44 | 75 | 148 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX | |
| 47 | 7.9 | 39 | 73 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Chen et al. (33) | NA | 5 | 12 | 53 | 6.2 | 26 | 35 | 47 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX | |
| 53 | 8.3 | 11 | 12 | MTX | ||||||
| van Vollenhoven et al. (46) | NCT00853385 | 2009.1.30-2011.2.10 | 3 | 12 | 52.5 | 8.1 | 162 | 204 | 312 | adalimumab 40 mg eow |
| 53.7 | 7.9 | 82 | 108 | placebo | ||||||
| Detert et al. (48) | HIT HARD | 2007.6-2010.9 | 5 | 24 | 47.2 | 0.15 | 61 | 87 | 172 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX |
| 52.5 | 0.14 | 57 | 85 | MTX | ||||||
| Kavanaugh et al. (49) | OPTIMA(NCT00420927) | 2006.12-2010.7 | 5 | 26 | 50.7 | 0.33 | 380 | 515 | 1032 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX |
| 50.4 | 0.38 | 382 | 517 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Hørslev-Petersen et al. (57) | OPERA | 2007.8-2009.12 | 5 | 104 | 56.2 | 0.24 | 56 | 89 | 180 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX |
| 54.2 | 0.23 | 63 | 91 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Kennedy et al. (58) | ALTARA | 2010.11-2012.7 | 5 | 12 | 50.2 | NR | 78 | 85 | 214 | patecilizumab |
| 50.6 | NR | 68 | 85 | adalimumab 40mg eow | ||||||
| 48.8 | NR | 37 | 44 | placebo | ||||||
| Takeuchi et al. (62) | HOPEFUL 1 | 2009.3-2010.11 | 5 | 26 | 54 | 0.3 | 144 | 171 | 334 | adalimumab 40mg eow+MTX |
| 54 | 0.3 | 128 | 163 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Taylor et al. (74) | RA-BEAM | 2012.11-2015.9 | 5 | 24 | 53 | 10 | 251 | 330 | 818 | adalimumab 40mg eow |
| 53 | 10 | 382 | 488 | placebo | ||||||
| Fleischmann et al. (77) | SELECT - COMPARE | 2015.12-2017.6 | 6 | 26 | 54 | 8 | 512 | 651 | 1629 | placebo +MTX |
| 54 | 8 | 159 | 327 | adalimumab 40 mg+MTX | ||||||
| Ducourau et al. (78) | (NCT01895764) | 2013.3-2014.10 | 4 | 26 | 43 | 3 | 22 | 52 | 107 | adalimumab 40mg qw+MTX |
| 41 | 2 | 28 | 55 | adalimumab 40 mg qw | ||||||
| Combe et al. (81) | NCT02889796 | 2016.8.30-2019.6.20 | 7 | 24 | 53 | 8 | 266 | 325 | 800 | adalimumab 40 mg biw+MTX |
| 53 | 7.3 | 391 | 475 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Fleischman et al. (77) | FAST4WARD | 2003.6-2004.7 | 6 | 24 | 52.7 | 8.7 | 87 | 111 | 220 | certolizumab 400mg |
| 54.9 | 10.4 | 97 | 109 | placebo | ||||||
| Smolen et al., 2009 | RAPID 2 | 20005.6-2006.9 | 4 | 24 | 51.9 | 6.5 | 192 | 246 | 619 | certolizumab 400mg + MTX |
| 52.2 | 6.1 | 206 | 248 | certolizumab 200mg + MTX | ||||||
| 51.5 | 5.6 | 107 | 125 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Choy et al. (42) | NCT00544154 | 2002.10-2004.1 | 7 | 24 | 53 | 9.4 | 91 | 126 | 247 | certolizumab 400mg + MTX |
| 55.6 | 9.9 | 80 | 121 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Weinblatt et al. (47) | REALISTIC(NCT00717236) | 2008.7-2010.3 | 7 | 12 | 55.4 | 8.6 | 660 | q | 1063 | certolizumab (certolizumab 400 mg qw 0, 2 and 4,followed by certolizumab 200 mg eow)+DMARDs |
| 53.9 | 8.9 | 169 | 212 | placebo +DMARDs | ||||||
| schiff et al. (61) | NCT01147341 | 4 | 52 | 56.1 | 12 | NR | 27 | 37 | certolizumab(400 mg qw 0, 2 and 4, followed by 200mg eow)+DMARDs | |
| 59 | 14 | NR | 10 | placebo +DMARDs | ||||||
| Yamamoto et al. (63) | J-RAPID | 2008.11.19-2010.8.18 | 7 | 24 | 54.3 | 6.0 | 58 | 72 | 316 | certolizumab 100mg eow + MTX |
| 50.6 | 5.6 | 69 | 82 | certolizumab 200mg eow + MTX | ||||||
| 55.4 | 6.0 | 69 | 85 | certolizumab 400mg eow + MTX | ||||||
| 51.9 | 5.8 | 66 | 77 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Furst et al. (64) | DOSEFLEX | 5 | 16 | 51.5 | 6.5 | 56 | 69 | 208 | Placebo +MTX | |
| 55.6 | 5.9 | 49 | 70 | certolizumab 200 mg eow +MTX | ||||||
| 53.1 | 6.4 | 57 | 69 | certolizumab 400 mg q4w +MTX | ||||||
| Smolen et al. (65) | CERTAIN | 2008.6-2010.12 | 5 | 24 | 53.6 | 4.5 | 81 | 96 | 194 | certolizumab(400 mg certolizumab qw 0, 2 and 4, followed by 200 mg certolizumab eow)+DMARDs |
| 54 | 4.7 | 75 | 98 | placebo +DMARDs | ||||||
| Atsumi et al. (66) | C-OPERA (NCT01451203) | 2011.10-2013.8 | 7 | 52 | 49.4 | 4.0 | 129 | 159 | 316 | certolizumab 400mg/200mg eow +MTX |
| 49 | 4.3 | 127 | 157 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Emery et al. (72) | C-EARLY (NCT01519791) | 2012.1-2015.9 | 6 | 52 | 50.4 | 0.24 | 497 | 660 | 879 | certolizumab 400mg/200mg eow +MTX |
| 51.2 | 0.24 | 170 | 219 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Kang et al. (75) | (NCT00993317) | 2009.12-2011.8 | 4 | 24 | 51.6 | 6.5 | 72 | 85 | 127 | certolizumab 400mg/200mg eow +MTX |
| 50.8 | 5.5 | 35 | 42 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Bi et al. (76) | RAPID-C (NCT02151851) | 2014.7.23-2016.6.17 | 6 | 24 | 48.2 | 7.0 | 268 | 316 | 429 | certolizumab 200 mg eow (loading dose: 400 mg certolizumab qw 0, 2 and 4) + MTX |
| 47.1 | 6.6 | 95 | 113 | (PBO) + MTX | ||||||
| Hetland et al. (79) | NCT01491815 | 2012.12.3-2018.12.11 | 6 | 24 | 54.6 | 0.53 | 139 | 197 | 399 | active conventional treatment |
| 55.3 | 0.56 | 139 | 202 | certolizumab 200 mg qw (400 mg qw 0, 2, and 4)+MTX | ||||||
| Genovese et al. (39) | 1997.5-1999.3 | 5 | 104 | 49 | 1 | 75 | 217 | 632 | three 2.5-mg MTX qw and placebo biw | |
| 50 | 0.9 | 75 | 208 | 10 mg of etanercept biw and three placebo tablets qw, | ||||||
| 51 | 1 | 74 | 207 | 25 mg of etanercept biw and three placebo tablets qw | ||||||
| Smolen et al. (1) | 2011.12.14-2013.11.11 | 4 | 12 | 53 | 5.9 | 96 | 457 | 914 | certolizumab pegol (400 mg weeks 0, 2, | |
| 457 | adalimumab (40 mg once q2w) plus | |||||||||
| Keystone et al. (16) | NA | 5 | 8 | 54 | 10.8 | 38 | 53 | 420 | placebo | |
| 53 | 9.0 | 169 | 214 | 50 mg etanercept qw | ||||||
| 52 | 8.2 | 121 | 153 | 25 mg etanercept biw | ||||||
| van der Heijde et al. (26) | TEMPO | 2000.10-2001.7 | 6 | 104 | 52.5 | 6·8 | 171 | 231 | 682 | etanercept 25mg biw + MTX |
| 53.2 | 6·8 | 171 | 223 | etanercept 25mg biw + placebo | ||||||
| 53 | 6·3 | 180 | 228 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Lan et al. (21) | NR | 4 | 12 | 47.55 | NR | 50 | 29 | 58 | etanercept 25mg biw + MTX | |
| 50.79 | 29 | placebo +MTX | ||||||||
| van Riel et al. (22) | ADORE | 2003.3-2004.5 | 4 | 16 | 53 | 10 | 126 | 159 | 314 | etanercept 25 mg biw |
| 54 | 9.8 | 119 | 155 | etanercept 25 mg biw + MTX | ||||||
| Weisman et al. (27) | RA | NA | 6 | 16 | 60.6 | 10.1 | 192 | 266 | 535 | etanercept 25mg biw |
| 59.3 | 9.4 | 210 | 269 | placebo | ||||||
| Emery et al. (29) | COMET | 2004.10-2006.2 | 7 | 52 | 50.5 | 8·8 | 196 | 274 | 542 | etanercept 50mg qw + MTX |
| 52.3 | 9·3 | 191 | 268 | MTX | ||||||
| Kameda et al. (41) | JESMR(NCT00688103) | 2005.6-2007.1 | 4 | 24 | 58.1 | 10.6 | 62 | 71 | 146 | etanercept 25 mg eow |
| 56.5 | 8.1 | 60 | 75 | MTX+etanercept | ||||||
| Jobanputra et al. (43) | EU Clinical | 2007.5-2010.4 | 4 | 52 | 55 | 7.0 | 15 | 60 | 120 | adalimumab 40 mg qw |
| Trials Register 2006-006275-21/GB | 53.2 | 5.5 | 18 | 60 | etanercept 50 mg qw | |||||
| Kim et al. (44) | APPEAL | 2007.6-2009.3 | 6 | 16 | 48.4 | 6.5 | 17 | 197 | 300 | etanercept 25 mg biw+MTX |
| 48.5 | 6.9 | 12 | 103 | DMARD+MTX | ||||||
| Takeuchi et al. (80) | NCT00445770 | NA | 6 | 52 | 51.8 | 3.0 | 145 | 182 | 550 | etanercept 25 mg biw |
| 51.5 | 2.9 | 154 | 192 | etanercept 10 mg biw | ||||||
| 50.4 | 3.0 | 140 | 176 | MTX | ||||||
| Emery et al. (56) | NCT00913458 | 2009.10.20-2012.12.17 | 5 | 39 | 49.6 | 0.54 | 47 | 63 | 193 | etanercept (25 mg)+MTX |
| 47.7 | 0.58 | 36 | 65 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| 50.9 | 0.59 | 42 | 65 | placebo | ||||||
| Machado et al. (59) | NCT00848354 | 2009.6-2011.3 | 5 | 24 | 48.4 | 7.9 | 248 | 281 | 423 | etanercept(50 mg qw)+MTX |
| 48.6 | 9.0 | 128 | 142 | (DMARD) + MTX | ||||||
| Nam et al. (60) | EMPIRE | 2006.10-2009.5 | 7 | 78 | 47.9 | 0.5 | 44 | 55 | 110 | etanercept 50mg qw + MTX |
| 48.4 | 0.67 | 40 | 55 | placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Smolen et al. (52) | PRESERVE(NCT00565409) | 2008.3.6-2009.9.9 | 3 | 52 | 46.4 | 6·4 | 157 | 202 | 34 | etanercept 25mg qw+MTX |
| 48.1 | 6·8 | 164 | 202 | etanercept 50mg qw+MTX | ||||||
| 48.3 | 7·3 | 167 | 200 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Keystone et al. (67) | CAMEO (NCT00654368) | 2008.6-2012.12 | 6 | 104 | 54.3 | 9.0 | 72 | 98 | 205 | etanercept 50 mg qw |
| 54.4 | 9.3 | 84 | 107 | etanercept 50 mg qw + MTX | ||||||
| van Vollenhovn et al. (70) | NCT00858780 | NR | 4 | 20 | 53.8 | 11.5 | 17 | 23 | 73 | etanercept50mg qw + MTX |
| 59.6 | 16.6 | 18 | 27 | etanercept25mg qw + MTX | ||||||
| 56.1 | 12.3 | 16 | 23 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Yamanaka et al. (71) | ENCOURAGE (UMIN000002687) | 2009.8-2014.4 | 5 | 52 | 52.8 | 2.0 | 138 | 161 | 191 | etanercept 25 mg biw + MTX |
| 54.6 | 1.9 | 25 | 30 | MTX | ||||||
| Pavelka et al. (73) | NCT01578850 | 2012.7-2015.3 | 6 | 28 | 46.1 | 8.0 | 136 | 167 | 343 | etanercept 50mg qw +DMARDs |
| 47.2 | 8.3 | 143 | 176 | placebo +DMARDs | ||||||
| Curtis et al. (82) | SEAM- RA | 2015.2.20-2018.6.26 | 6 | 48 | 56.2 | 9.7 | 76 | 101 | 153 | MTX |
| 54.8 | 11.0 | 77 | 101 | etanercept | ||||||
| 55.9 | 10.3 | 40 | 51 | MTX + etanercept | ||||||
| Kay et al. (30) | 2003.12.1-2006.2.21 | 5 | 20 | 52 | 5.6 | 26 | 35 | 172 | placebo + MTX | |
| 57 | 8.2 | 30 | 35 | 50mg golimumab q4w + MTX | ||||||
| 48 | 8.2 | 23 | 34 | 50mg golimumab eow + MTX | ||||||
| 57.5 | 6.3 | 26 | 34 | 100mg golimumab eow + MTX | ||||||
| 53.5 | 9.0 | 27 | 34 | 50mg golimumab eow + MTX | ||||||
| Emery et al. (34) | GO-BEFORE | 2005.12.12-2007.10.1 | 6 | 24 | 50.9 | 3.5 | 135 | 159 | 634 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w + MTX |
| 50.2 | 3.6 | 125 | 159 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w + MTX | ||||||
| 48.2 | 4.1 | 159 | 159 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w + Placebo | ||||||
| 48.6 | 2.9 | 134 | 160 | Placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Keystone et al. (36) | GO-FORWARD | 20005.12.19-2007.9.17 | 5 | 16 | 52 | 4.5 | 72 | 89 | 444 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w + MTX |
| 50 | 6.7 | 72 | 89 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w + MTX | ||||||
| 51 | 5.9 | 105 | 133 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w + Placebo | ||||||
| 52 | 6.5 | 109 | 133 | Placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Smolen et al. (38) | GO-AFTER (NCT00299546) | 2006.2.21-2007.9.26 | 7 | 16 | 55 | 9.6 | 113 | 153 | 461 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w |
| 55 | 8.7 | 122 | 153 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w | ||||||
| 54 | 9.8 | 132 | 155 | Placebo | ||||||
| Kremer et al. (40) | NCT00361335 | 2006.8.24-2008.8.25 | 6 | 16 | 49.9 | 7.4 | 21 | 128 | 643 | Golimumab 2mg/kg q12w |
| 48.4 | 8.4 | 10 | 129 | Golimumab 4mg/kg q12w | ||||||
| 49.7 | 8.1 | 30 | 129 | Golimumab 2mg/kg q12w + MTX | ||||||
| 49.6 | 9.4 | 25 | 128 | Golimumab 4mg/kg q12w + MTX | ||||||
| 50.2 | 7.4 | 24 | 129 | Placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Tanaka et al. (45) | GO-FORTH | 2008.5-2009.11 | 5 | 16 | 50.4 | 8.8 | 15 | 86 | 261 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w + MTX |
| 50 | 8.1 | 78 | 87 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w + MTX | ||||||
| 51.1 | 8.7 | 73 | 88 | Placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Takeuchi et al. (53) | GO-MONO | NA | 4 | 16 | 52.9 | 8.1 | 81 | 101 | 308 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w |
| 51.6 | 9.4 | 85 | 102 | Golimumab 100 mg q4w | ||||||
| 52.4 | 9.2 | 86 | 105 | Placebo | ||||||
| Weinblatt et al. (55) | GO-FURTHER(NCT00973479) | 2009.9.14-2011.5.18 | 7 | 16 | 51.4 | 7.0 | 157 | 197 | 592 | Placebo +MTX |
| 51.9 | 6.9 | 326 | 395 | Golimumab2 mg/kg+MTX | ||||||
| Li et al. (68) | NCT01248780 | 2010.8-2012.7 | 4 | 24 | 47.7 | 7.6 | 110 | 132 | 264 | Golimumab 50 mg q4w + MTX |
| 46.7 | 8.0 | 104 | 132 | Placebo + MTX | ||||||
| Maini et al. (17) | 1997.3.31-2000.3.9 | 7 | 102 | 54 | 10 | 70 | 86 | 428 | infliximab 3mg/kg, q8w+MTX | |
| 52 | 9 | 66 | 86 | infliximab 3mg/kg, q4w+MTX | ||||||
| 54 | 11 | 67 | 87 | infliximab 10mg/kg, q8w+MTX | ||||||
| 52 | 12 | 59 | 81 | infliximab 10mg/kg, q4w+MTX | ||||||
| 51 | 11 | 70 | 88 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| St. Clair et al. (18) | 2000.7.21-2002.2.28 | 7 | 54 | 51 | 0.8 | 255 | 359 | 1004 | infliximab 3mg/kg, q8w+MTX | |
| 50 | 0.9 | 247 | 363 | infliximab 6mg/kg, q8w+MTX | ||||||
| 50 | 0.9 | 212 | 282 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Abe et al. (12) | 2000.4.19-2000.10.27 | 4 | 6 | 55.2 | 9.1 | 40 | 49 | 147 | infliximab 3mg/kg, q8w+MTX | |
| 56.8 | 7.1 | 40 | 51 | infliximab 10mg/kg, q8w+MTX | ||||||
| 55.1 | 7.5 | 35 | 47 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Westhoven et al. (23) | START | 2001.9-2003.11 | 6 | 22 | 53 | 7.8 | 288 | 360 | 1082 | infliximab 3mg/kg +MTX |
| 52 | 6.3 | 281 | 361 | infliximab 10mg/kg +MTX | ||||||
| 52.0 | 8.4 | 302 | 361 | placebo+MTX | ||||||
| Zhang et al. (24) | 2003.7-2004.7 | 4 | 18 | 47.9 | NR | 13 | 87 | 173 | infliximab (Remicade, Centocor) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight qw 0, 2, 6 and 14. | |
| 48.9 | NR | 13 | 86 | placebo | ||||||
| Schiff et al. (32) | ATTEST | 2005.2-2007.2 | 6 | 28 | 49.1 | 7.3 | 136 | 165 | 275 | infliximab 3mg/kg, q8w+MTX |
| 49.4 | 8.4 | 96 | 110 | placebo +MTX | ||||||
| Kim et al. (50) | NCT00202852, NCT00732875 | 2005.6-2006.5 | 5 | 30 | 49.3 | 7.4 | 64 | 69 | 138 | Infliximab |
| 51.4 | 9.8 | 64 | 69 | placebo | ||||||
| Leirisalo-Repo et al. (51) | NCT00908089 | 2003.3-2005.4 | 6 | 102 | 47 | 0.33 | 35 | 50 | 3403 | infliximab |
| 46 | 0.33 | 31 | 49 | placebo |
biw, twice a week; qw, weekly; eow, every two weeks; q4w, every four weeks; q8w, every 8 weeks; q12w, every 12 weeks; MTX, methotrexate; DMARD, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; NA, not re.