Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COPD without pulmonary hypertension.
| GOLD stage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (n = 21) | II (n = 58) | III (n = 54) | IV (n = 92) | Unknown (n = 6) | |
| Age, years | 61.0 [56.0, 74.0] | 67.0 [60.0, 72.8] | 65.0 [60.0, 71.5] | 66.0 [59.0, 71.0] | 60.5 [51.3, 72.0] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 6 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 9 (43) | 27 (47) | 32 (59) | 47 (51) | 4 (67) |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 6 |
| Pack years | 40.0 [30.0, 55.0] | 44.5 [30.0, 50.0] | 45.0 [30.0, 60.0] | 40.0 [30.0, 50.0] | 50.0 [35.5, 52.5] |
| n with data | 19 | 52 | 49 | 73 | 3 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 [24.2, 29.7] | 26.8 [23.5, 30.7] | 26.1 [23.5, 28.9] | 23.2 [20.4, 28.9] | 25.0 [23.1, 26.7] |
| n with data | 20 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 5 |
| FEV1, % pred | 81.8 [75.6, 87.2] | 60.8 [54.0, 69.1] | 40.4 [34.7, 44.8] | 26.7 [22.6, 32.8] | 61.4 [29.7, 98.5] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 52 | 91 | 4 |
| FEV1/VC max | 66.2 [64.1, 71.0] | 55.7 [47.3, 62.3] | 45.3 [38.2, 49.9] | 36.2 [30.9, 44.9] | 50.0 [33.8, 70.5] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 52 | 91 | 4 |
| TLC, % pred | 115 [108, 121] | 114 [100, 123] | 118 [102, 127] | 125 [112, 140] | 114 [103, 124] |
| n with data | 21 | 57 | 51 | 90 | 4 |
| VC, % pred | 98.4 [93.2, 106] | 89.7 [76.2, 99.3] | 72.8 [63.1, 82.0] | 60.0 [49.1, 70.9] | 78.3 [67.2, 99.9] |
| n with data | 21 | 57 | 51 | 90 | 4 |
| FVC, % pred | 90.3 [81.1, 104] | 78.4 [69.9, 91.5] | 61.2 [54.8, 73.7] | 52.0 [43.8, 60.7] | 72.8 [60.0, 97.2] |
| n with data | 20 | 57 | 52 | 90 | 4 |
| DLCO, % pred | 62.7 [50.7, 70.8] | 45.5 [36.7, 69.3] | 36.8 [29.5, 42.6] | 22.4 [17.4, 29.4] | 47.1 [45.2, 59.0] |
| n with data | 20 | 52 | 43 | 46 | 3 |
| TAPSE, mm | 23.0 [21.0, 27.0] | 22.5 [20.0, 25.0] | 22.0 [20.3, 24.8] | 22.0 [19.8, 25.0] | 23.5 [22.0, 25.0] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 6 |
| PASP, mm Hg | 24.0 [21.0, 30.0] | 30.0 [25.0, 36.8] | 34.5 [27.0, 39.0] | 35.5 [30.0, 45.0] | 33.5 [28.5, 34.0] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 6 |
| TAPSE/PASP ratio, mm/mm Hg | 0.90 [0.75, 1.04] | 0.76 [0.59, 0.94] | 0.68 [0.57, 0.82] | 0.60 [0.47, 0.76] | 0.76 [0.68, 0.80] |
| n with data | 21 | 58 | 54 | 92 | 6 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 24.5 [13.8, 58.5] | 30.0 [15.3, 63.8] | 22.0 [12.0, 52.3] | 37.0 [18.0, 73.3] | 24.0 [10.0, 89.0] |
| n with data | 16 | 54 | 52 | 82 | 5 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.75 [0.70, 1.03] | 0.80 [0.70, 1.00] | 0.80 [0.70, 0.90] | 0.80 [0.63, 1.00] | 0.95 [0.83, 1.08] |
| n with data | 16 | 55 | 54 | 90 | 6 |
| 6MWD, m | 411 ± 145 | 365 ± 80.4 | 353 ± 91.6 | 257 ± 121 | 269 ± 148 |
| n with data | 5 | 13 | 14 | 39 | 2 |
| mMRC dyspnoea score, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 1 (4.8) | 5 (8.6) | 3 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (17) |
| 1 | 3 (14) | 7 (12) | 5 (9.3) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) |
| 2 | 2 (10) | 11 (19) | 6 (11) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) |
| 3 | 2 (10) | 11 (19) | 18 (33) | 18 (20) | 0 (0) |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (9.3) | 16 (17.4) | 0 (0) |
| CAT score | 23.0 [15.5, 25.8] | 22.0 [14.0, 25.0] | 26.5 [19.5, 30.0] | 26.0 [21.8, 30.0] | 13.0 [9.50, 16.5] |
| n with data | 18 | 53 | 46 | 60 | 2 |
| O2 at rest (L/min) | 3.00 [3.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 2.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 3.00 [3.00, 3.00] |
| n with dataa | 2 | 12 | 18 | 70 | 1 |
| Long-acting beta-agonist, n (%) | |||||
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 4 (7.4) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (50) |
| No | 9 (43) | 10 (17) | 4 (7.4) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (17) |
| Yes | 12 (57) | 47 (81) | 46 (85) | 86 (93) | 2 (33) |
| Long-acting muscarinic antagonist, n (%) | |||||
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (7.4) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (50) |
| No | 6 (29) | 10 (17) | 4 (7.4) | 5 (5.4) | 1 (17) |
| Yes | 15 (71) | 46 (79) | 46 (85) | 83 (90) | 2 (33) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids, n (%) | |||||
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 6 (11) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (67) |
| No | 12 (57) | 27 (47) | 10 (19) | 9 (9.8) | 0 (0) |
| Yes | 9 (43) | 29 (50) | 38 (70) | 79 (86) | 2 (33) |
| Theophylline, n (%) | |||||
| Unknown | 4 (19) | 7 (12) | 8 (15) | 11 (12) | 3 (50) |
| No | 17 (81) | 49 (84) | 42 (78) | 70 (76) | 3 (50) |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (7.4) | 11 (12) | 0 (0) |
| Roflumilast, n (%) | |||||
| Unknown | 5 (24) | 7 (12) | 9 (17) | 13 (14) | 3 (50) |
| No | 16 (76) | 48 (83) | 34 (63) | 62 (67) | 3 (50) |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 10 (19) | 12 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Discontinued | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (5.4) | 0 (0) |
Data are presented as median [interquartile range], mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Numbers of patients with available data are shown in italics. 6MWD, 6-min walk distance; % pred, % predicted; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; DLCO, lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; max, maximum; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; O2, oxygen; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TLC, total lung capacity; VC, vital capacity.
A total of 103 patients received O2 supplementation; all other patients did not receive O2 supplementation.