Table 2.
Factors independent affecting the incidence of preeclampsia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
| References | Country | Study design | Number of GDM | BMI | eGWG | iGWG | Early GDM | OGTT level | Glucose control | Age | Parity | Ethnicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yogev et al. (23) | USA | RC | 1,813 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | |||
| Cosson et al. (36) | France | RC | 2,097 | N | N | N | ||||||
| Yogev et al. (53) | USA | RC | 1,664 | Y | N | Y | Y | N | ||||
| Sun et al. (54) | China | RC | 779 | Y | N | N | N | N | ||||
| Osuagwu et al. (55) | Fiji | RC | 255 | Y | N | N | N | N | ||||
| Phaloprakarn et al. (56) | Thailand | PC | 813 | Y | Y | N | Y | |||||
| Rowan et al. (57) | New Zealand / Australian | RCT | 724 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | |||
| Egan et al. (63) | Ireland | PC | 543 | N | ||||||||
| Kase et al. (64) | USA | RC | 90 | N | ||||||||
| Xie et al. (65) | Spain | RC | 2,700 | N | N | |||||||
| Lima Ferreira et al. (66) | Portugal | PC | 4,563 | N | Y | |||||||
| Shi et al. (67) | China | RC | 1,606 | Y | N | |||||||
| Harper et al. (68) | USA | RC | 635 | Y | N | |||||||
| Zheng et al. (69) | China | PC | 3,126 | Y | N | |||||||
| Hosseini et al. (77) | Iran | PC | 171 | N | ||||||||
| Immanuel et al. (79) | New Zealand | RC | 1,573 | N | ||||||||
| Hawkins et al. (82) | USA | RC | 2,596 | Y | ||||||||
| Kalok et al. (93) | Malaysia | RC | 1,105 | Y | ||||||||
| Barden et al. (94) | Australia | PC | 184 | Y |
BMI, body mass index; eGWG, excessive gestational weight gain; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; iGWG, insufficient gestational weight gain; N, no; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PC, prospective cohort; RC, retrospective cohort; RCT, randomized controlled trial; Y, yes.