Table 5. Screening and tagging criteria for supervised machine learning.

For a document to be included, it must meet all inclusion criteria for at least one tag. Tags are not mutually exclusive. Details of inclusion and exclusion screening and tagging criteria are provided in the Extended data (SM1) ²⁶ .

Inclusion	Exclusion	Tag (for included articles only)
Includes substantial focus and empirical data (qualitative or quantitative) or secondary analysis of data on a climate-related driver of impacts, AND Includes substantial focus and empirical data (qualitative or quantitative) or secondary analysis of data on a perceived 1 , experienced, or observed eligible 2 health-related outcome or health system	Does not include an eligible climate-related driver of impacts, or a health-related outcome or health system. OR Does not include empirical data for both of the above. OR Consideration of climate drivers and/or health outcomes is a minor or tangential component of the document	Impacts
OR
Includes empirical data (qualitative or quantitative) or secondary analysis of a driver of climate change, OR secondary analysis of a mitigation or energy production/efficiency measure AND Includes substantial focus or consideration of a perceived, experienced, or observed impact on an eligible health-related outcome or health system	Reference to a driver of climate change, mitigation, energy production or efficiency is not accompanied by relevant empirical data and/or analysis. OR There is no reference to impacts on eligible health-related outcomes or health systems OR The document focuses on emissions within the healthcare sector with no consideration of impacts on health.	Mitigation
OR
Includes substantial focus (documenting and/or empirically assesses) a human response ( adaptation) to perceived, experienced, or observed impacts on eligible health-related outcome or health system	Document focuses on potential or planned responses to the health impacts of climate change. OR Responses (adaptations) are not relevant to human health (e.g. conservation measures) OR Responses (adaptations) that are not clearly linked to eligible health-related outcomes or health systems (e.g. general resilience activities)	Adaptation

1 Perceived impacts are based on the perspective of the study (authors and/or respondents). For example, households or governments might undertake adaptation in response to the perceived risk of flooding, regardless of whether flooding in that context has been attributed to climate change or is expected to increase under climate change projections.

2 Eligible health-related outcomes are described in the Extended data (SM1) ²⁶ .