Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the Multinomial GAMM for variables not included in the interaction effects

Variable	Pre-diabetic	Diabetic
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Gender (ref = Female)
Male	1.326 (1.011–1.740)*	1.439 (1.035–2.001)*
Race (ref = Other)
Black/African	1.087 (0.743–1.590)	1.509 (0.953–2.389)
Rohrer’s Index	1.104 (1.037–1.176)*	1.058 (0.987–1.135)
Waist circumference	1.041 (1.012–1.071)*	1.048 (1.014–1.082)*
Haemoglobin level adjusted for altitude and smoking	0.905 (0.860–0.952)*	0.852 (0.802–0.905)*
Blood pressure category (ref = Normal)
Abnormal	1.159 (0.934–1.439)	1.302 (1.014–1.671)*
Taking high blood pressure medication (ref = No)
Yes	1.019 (0.731–1.420)	1.521 (1.054–2.196)*
Taking Medication (ref =No)
Yes	1.294 (0.950–1.764)	1.487 (1.055–2.096)*
Household’s consumption of processed foods	1.088 (0.975–1.213)	1.009 (0.888–1.147)
Household’s consumption of fruit the previous day (ref = Yes)
No	0.981 (0.814–1.182)	0.933 (0.743–1.170)
Household’s consumption of vegetables the previous day (ref = No)
Yes	1.009 (0.837–1.218)	1.109 (0.882–1.394)
Household’s consumption of sugary drinks the previous day (ref = No)
Yes	1.119 (0.921–1.358)	1.250 (0.988–1.583)
Smoking the previous 24hrs (ref = No)
Yes	0.815 (0.634–1.045)	0.705 (0.510–0.974)*
Wealth index Z-score	0.932 (0.828–1.047)	1.010 (0.875–1.167)

Significant at 5% level of significance