Table 3.
Comparison of baseline characteristics, medication and adverse events between different prognosis, N (%) or median (minimum–maximum).
| In the first year | In the third year | In the fifth year | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Seizure-free (n = 548) |
Non-seizure-free (n = 662) |
z | P -value |
Seizure-free (n = 722) |
Non-seizure-free (n = 246) |
z | P -value |
Seizure-free (n = 703) |
Non-seizure-free (n = 142) |
z | P -value | |
| Baseline age, years | 45 (18–86) | 42 (18–84) | −1.594 | 0.111 | 43 (18–86) | 42 (18–84) | −0.814 | 0.416 | 42 (18–77) | 42 (18–71) | –0.731 | 0.465 |
| Onset age, years | 20 (0–86) | 18 (0–73) | −4.291 | <0.001 | 19 (0–80) | 18 (0–71) | −0.733 | 0.464 | 19 (0–71) | 19.5 (0–71) | –0.046 | 0.963 |
| Baseline Seizures frequency per year | 6 (2–400) | 12 (2–900) | −8.331 | <0.001 | 10 (2–360) | 12 (2–900) | −5.178 | <0.001 | 10 (2–500) | 15 (2–900) | −4.256 | <0.001 |
| Duration before treatment, months | 19 (0–56) | 22 (0–64) | −3.894 | <0.001 | 20 (0–56) | 21 (0–55) | −0.643 | 0.520 | 21 (0–54) | 19 (0–52) | –0.511 | 0.609 |
| Baseline BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 (15.6–57.5) | 22.9 (14.3–49.3) | −0.021 | 0.983 | 23.2 (14.3–49.3) | 22.7 (15.8–57.5) | −1.471 | 0.141 | 23.1 (15.6–44.4) | 23.3 (14.3–57.5) | –0.516 | 0.606 |
| Daily dosage in the first year (mg/day) | 60 (60, 90) | 90 (60, 120) | −13.606 | <0.001 | 60 (60, 120) | 90 (60, 120) | −3.345 | 0.001 | 90 (60, 90) | 90 (60, 127.5) | −3.326 | 0.001 |
| Unconsciousness at seizure | −5.640 | <0.001 | −4.234 | <0.001 | –0.212 | 0.832 | ||||||
| None | 32 (5.8) | 41 (6.2) | 48 (6.6) | 13 (5.3) | 41 (5.8) | 9 (6.3) | ||||||
| Always | 216 (39.4) | 146 (22.1) | 232 (32.1) | 44 (17.9) | 205 (29.2) | 39 (27.5) | ||||||
| Every time | 300 (54.7) | 475 (71.8) | 442 (61.2) | 189 (76.8) | 457 (65.0) | 94 (66.2) | ||||||
| Adverse eventsy* | ||||||||||||
| Drowsiness | −3.242 | 0.001 | −0.070 | 0.944 | −2.153 | 0.031 | ||||||
| Ataxia | –.570 | 0.569 | −0.079 | 0.937 | −2.494 | 0.013 | ||||||
| Dizziness | −2.260 | 0.024 | −2.002 | 0.045 | −2.427 | 0.015 | ||||||
| Headache | −1.780 | 0.075 | −0.756 | 0.450 | −1.944 | 0.052 | ||||||
| Hyperactivity | −0.147 | 0.883 | −0.886 | 0.376 | −2.249 | 0.025 | ||||||
| Skin rash | −0.104 | 0.918 | −1.089 | 0.276 | −1.902 | 0.057 | ||||||
| Gastrointestinal complaints | −0.277 | 0.782 | −0.369 | 0.712 | −1.079 | 0.281 | ||||||
| Anxiety or depression | −1.999 | 0.046 | −1.318 | 0.187 | −1.516 | 0.130 | ||||||
*
Each adverse reaction is divided into none, mild, moderate, or serious. Proportion of each level could be seen in Supplementary Materials for details.