. 2022 Feb 10;11:e9. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.6

Table 3.

Differences in nutrient content between plant-based meat substitutes, meat with keyhole and meat without keyhole per 100 g of product, according to burgers, sausages, mince and meatballs sub-categorisation

Burgers, median (IQR)
Nutrients per 100 g	Substitutes (n 21)		Keyhole (n 2)^†		Regular (n 18)		P-value^*
Energy (kcal)	183⋅0	(161⋅5–206⋅0)^b	127⋅5^b		225⋅0	(210⋅0–231⋅0)^a	0⋅002
Fat (g)	9⋅0	(5⋅8–13⋅5)^b	5⋅8^b		17⋅3	(15⋅0–18⋅0)^a	<0⋅001
Saturated fat (g)	0⋅8	(0⋅6–4⋅2)^a	2⋅1		7⋅8	(6⋅3–8⋅2)^b	<0⋅001
Carbohydrates (g)	9⋅8	(5⋅9–12⋅5)^a	0⋅1^b		1⋅3	(0⋅0–3⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Sugars (g)	1⋅3	(0⋅9–2⋅1)^a	0⋅0^b		0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅1)^b	<0⋅001
Fibre (g)^‡	3⋅5	(0⋅0–5⋅3)^a	0⋅0		0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Protein (g)	12⋅0	(6⋅9–15⋅5)^a	19⋅0^b		15⋅7	(15⋅0–17⋅7)^b	0⋅001
Salt (g)	1⋅2	(1⋅0–1⋅5)	0⋅8		1⋅0	(1⋅0–1⋅2)	0⋅114
Sausages, median (IQR)
Nutrients per 100 g	Substitutes (n 14)		Keyhole (n 7)		Regular (n 11)		P-value^*
Energy (kcal)	198⋅5	(173⋅8–223⋅3)^a	148⋅0	(146⋅0–156⋅0)^b	241⋅0	(222⋅0–250⋅0)^c	<0⋅001
Fat (g)	11⋅5	(10⋅0–16⋅3)^a	9⋅0	(9⋅0–10⋅0)^b	18⋅5	(18⋅0–19⋅9)^c	<0⋅001
Saturated fat (g)	1⋅3	(0⋅9–4⋅7)^b	3⋅2	(2⋅9–3⋅2)^b	7⋅1	(6⋅9–7⋅2)^a	<0⋅001
Carbohydrates (g)	6⋅3	(4⋅4–10⋅3)	5⋅5	(5⋅3–6⋅2)	5⋅6	(5⋅0–6⋅3)	0⋅781
Sugars (g)	1⋅1	(0⋅7–1⋅7)^a	0⋅5	(0⋅4–0⋅7)^b	0⋅7	(0⋅4–1⋅3)	0⋅044
Fibre (g)	3⋅5	(0⋅0–4⋅6)^a	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Protein (g)	13⋅0	(8⋅3–15⋅4)	11⋅0	(10⋅0–11⋅0)	10⋅0	(9⋅9–14⋅5)	0⋅860
Salt (g)	1⋅8	(1⋅3–1⋅9)	1⋅7	(1⋅7–1⋅8)	1⋅7	(1⋅6–1⋅9)	0⋅954
Mince, median (IQR)
Nutrients per 100 g	Substitutes (n 13)		Keyhole (n 13)		Regular (n 13)		P-value^*
Energy (kcal)	195⋅0	(157⋅5–220⋅0)^b	129⋅0	(120⋅5–146⋅5)^a	202⋅0	(200⋅0–205⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Fat (g)	9⋅6	(4⋅3–13⋅7)^b	5⋅0	(4⋅9–8⋅3)^b	14⋅0	(14⋅0–14⋅0)^a	<0⋅001
Saturated fat (g)	1⋅3	(0⋅5–5⋅5)^b	2⋅3	(2⋅1–2⋅6)^b	6⋅3	(6⋅2–7⋅2)^a	0⋅001
Carbohydrates (g)	5⋅3	(3⋅3–9⋅5)^a	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Sugars (g)	0⋅8	(0⋅5–1⋅7)^a	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Fibre (g)	4⋅9	(0⋅0–5⋅9)^a	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)^b	<0⋅001
Protein (g)	17⋅3	(14⋅3–19⋅8)^a	19⋅0	(19⋅0–21⋅5)^b	19⋅0	(17⋅5–19⋅4)	0⋅031
Salt (g)	1⋅0	(0⋅6–1⋅7)^a	0⋅1	(0⋅1–1⋅0)^b	0⋅2	(0⋅1–1⋅0)^b	0⋅002
Meatballs, median (IQR)
Nutrients per 100g	Substitutes (n 10)		Keyhole (n 1)		Regular (n 10)		P-value^*
Energy (kcal)	184⋅5	(167⋅5–214⋅0)	156⋅0	(156⋅0–156⋅0)	205⋅0	(181⋅8–220⋅5)	0⋅191
Fat (g)	9⋅4	(5⋅8–12⋅5)^a	8⋅7	(8⋅7–8⋅7)	14⋅2	(12⋅8–16⋅0)^b	0⋅008
Saturated fat (g)	1⋅0	(0⋅7–1⋅2)^a	2⋅0	(2⋅0–2⋅0)	5⋅6	(3⋅7–6⋅2)^b	<0⋅001
Carbohydrates (g)	10⋅0	(6⋅2–14⋅4)	4⋅9	(4⋅9–4⋅9)	4⋅9	(4⋅2–6⋅8)	0⋅067
Sugars (g)	1⋅1	(0⋅9–2⋅0)	0⋅4	(0⋅4–0⋅4)	1⋅0	(0⋅2–1⋅4)	0⋅322
Fibre (g)	4⋅5	(0⋅0–5⋅3)	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅0)	0⋅0	(0⋅0–0⋅4)	0⋅063
Protein (g)	13⋅7	(8⋅1–18⋅1)	14⋅0	(14⋅0–14⋅0)	13⋅5	(10⋅8–14⋅9)	0⋅955
Salt (g)	1⋅5	(1⋅1–1⋅6)	1⋅7	(1⋅7–1⋅7)	1⋅8	(1⋅6–1⋅9)	0⋅111

IQR, Inter Quartile Range.

^a,b,cGroups with different superscript differ in Kruskal–Wallis pairwise comparison (P < 0⋅05).

Kruskal–Wallis test for differences between groups.

^†

IQR missing due to n = 2.

^‡

Differences between Keyhole and Regular in percentiles outside IQR.