Table 2.
Studies of ageing in PLWH using different biomarkers.
| Biomarker | Study | Main finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Telomere length |
231 HIV-infected compared with 691 uninfected individuals | HIV-infected individuals had shorter telomere | 59 |
| Longitudinal study on 31 HIV-infected IV drug users | Telomere length decreased rapidly after seroconversion | 62 | |
| Longitudinal study in 201 individuals from the NEAT001/ANRS143 clinical trial | Improvement of mean leucocyte telomere length after initiation of ART | 63 | |
| 333 HIV-infected individuals from the SWISS cohort with CAD compared with 745 controls without CAD | Leucocyte TL measured 9 years before, associated with coronary artery events | 67 | |
|
Horvath's clock |
374 ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals compared with 34 uninfected individuals | HIV-infected individuals had higher epigenetic age acceleration than uninfected controls | 77 |
| Meta-analysis using 6 data sets from HIV-infected patients | HIV infection increases Epigenetic age by 5·2 years in blood and 7·4 years in brain | 79 | |
| Longitudinal study in 63 aviremic HIV patients under ART | Epigenetic age does not accelerate in well-controlled individuals | 81 | |
| NEAT001/143 Longitudinal substudy in 168 HIV patients before and after ART | ART partially reverses Epigenetic age acceleration | 78 | |
|
GrimAge and PhenoAge cloks |
Longitudinal study in 63 aviremic HIV patients under ART | Higher EAA may predict clinical events in PLWH | 81 |
| 69 PLWH and 38 HIV-seronegative controls | PLWH had higher PhenoAge than controls | 85 | |
| mtDNA | cross-sectional analysis 156 female HIV-infected patients and 133 HIV-negative controls, enrolled in CARMA cohort | Lower mitochondrial DNA content was associated with metabolic syndrome | 68 |
| Metabolomics | Cross-sectional analysis in 80 HIV+ men above 50 years of age | Abnormal lipidomic profiles associates with frailty in HIV+ men on ART | 93 |
| Immunologic | Cross-sectional study in 106 treated PLWH and 103 HIV-negative controls | Age advancement increased by 5·6 years in well-controlled PLWH. | 100 |
| MARK-AGE | Cross-sectional analysis of 134 PLWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (COBRA) cohort) and 35 matched-controls | Age advancement increased by 3·5 in PLWH with low CD4 T cells | 70 |