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. 2022 Mar 2;289(1970):20212353. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2353

Table 1.

Detailing the hazard, exposure and risk insecticides and ‘inert’ ingredients pose to bees. Risk = hazard * exposure.

hazard exposure risk
insecticide high low-stringent mitigation measures intermediate
‘inert’ ingredients poorly characterized but non-negligible very high-little to no mitigation measures intermediate, but poorly characterized