Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants and Factors Associated With Nonadherence to 12-Weeks of LDV/SOF
| Characteristics | Total (n = 105)a | High Adherence (n = 76)b | Low Adherence (n = 29)b | Unadjusted Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) | Adjusted Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Groups | |||||
| Usual Care | 23 (21.9) | 18 (78.3) | 5 (21.7) | 1 | |
| Peer | 43 (41.0) | 28 (65.1) | 15 (34.9) | 1.60 (0.67–3.87) | |
| Cash | 39 (37.1) | 30 (76.9) | 9 (23.1) | 1.06 (0.40–2.80) | |
| Age | |||||
| <55 | 54 (51.4) | 38 (70.4) | 16 (29.6) | 1 | |
| ≥55 | 51 (48.6) | 38 (74.5) | 13 (25.5) | 0.86 (0.46–1.61) | |
| Median (IQR) | 54.9 (51.1–59.3) | 55.1 (51.0–60.0) | 54.1 (51.9–57.1) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 62 (59.1) | 46 (74.2) | 16 (25.8) | 1 | |
| Female | 43 (40.9) | 30 (69.8) | 13 (30.2) | 1.17 (0.63–2.18) | |
| Race | |||||
| Not Black | 8 (7.6) | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | 1 | |
| Black | 97 (92.4) | 71 (73.2) | 26 (26.8) | 0.71 (0.27–1.86) | |
| Employment Status | |||||
| Unemployed | 85 (81.0) | 61 (71.8) | 24 (28.2) | 1 | |
| Employed | 20 (19.0) | 15 (75.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.89 (0.38–2.04) | |
| Alcohol Used | |||||
| PEth <50 ng/mL | 65 (66.3) | 54 (83.1) | 11 (16.9) | 1 | 1 |
| PEth ≥50 ng/mL | 33 (33.7) | 16 (48.5) | 17 (15.5) | 3.04 (1.61–5.75) | 2.74 (1.48–5.08) |
| Self-Report Alcohol Use (AUDIT) | |||||
| Nonhazardous | 78 (74.3) | 59 (75.6) | 19 (24.4) | 1 | |
| Hazardous | 27 (25.7) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (37.0) | 1.52 (0.81–2.86) | |
| UTOX for Cocaine or Heroine | |||||
| Negative | 56 (56.0) | 42 (75.0) | 14 (25.0) | 1 | |
| Positive | 44 (44.0) | 29 (65.9) | 15 (34.1) | 1.36 (0.74–2.52) | |
| Self-Report Cocaine or Heroin | |||||
| No | 82 (78.1) | 61 (74.4) | 21 (25.6) | 1 | |
| Yes | 23 (21.9) | 15 (65.2) | 8 (34.8) | 1.36 (0.69–2.66) | |
| Depressionf | |||||
| CES-D <16 | 43 (41.0) | 33 (76.7) | 10 (23.3) | 1 | |
| CES-D ≥16 | 62 (59.0) | 43 (69.3) | 19 (30.7) | 1.32 (0.68–2.56) | |
| Emotional Supportg | |||||
| Low <33 | 41 (39.1) | 24 (58.5) | 17 (41.5) | 1 | 1 |
| High ≥33 | 64 (60.9) | 52 (81.2) | 12 (18.8) | 0.45 (0.24–0.85) | 0.56 (0.31–1.01) |
| Median (IQR) | 36 (24–40) | 38 (29–40) | 30 (20–40) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | |
| Follow Provider’s Suggestionsh | |||||
| Never/rarely | 11 (10.8) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Sometimes | 18 (17.7) | 13 (72.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.44 (0.18–1.04) | 0.56 (0.23–1.35) |
| Usually/always | 73 (71.6) | 57 (78.1) | 16 (21.9) | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) | 0.46 (0.22–0.98) |
Abbreviations: AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test; CES-D, Centers for Depression Epidemiology Scale; IQR, interquartile range; LDV/SOF, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir; PEth, phosphatidylethanol.
aUnless otherwise specified, numbers reported are n (%). For the “Total” column, the percentages represent the proportion with the specified characteristic of the total number of participants (ie, column percentages).
bUnless otherwise specified, numbers reported are n (%). For the “High Adherence” and “Low Adherence” columns, the percentages represent the proportion with high/low adherence of the total number of participants with the specified characteristic (ie, row percentages).
cOnly characteristics with a relative risk specified were included in the multivariable model.
dPEth reported for n = 98; missing 7 participants (4, high; 2, moderate; 1 low).
eUTOX reported for n = 100; missing 5 participants (3, high and 2, moderate).
fCenters for Depression Epidemiology Scale; active depression defined as score ≥16.
gPatient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form v2.0, Emotional Support 8a; high support defined as short form score ≥33. Questions assess whether participants have someone they trust and someone who listens and understands their problems.
hAnswered “How often do you follow your provider’s suggestions exactly?” with usually or always, n = 102.