Table 1.
Study participant characteristics
| Characteristics | ANA−HC (n = 38) | ANA+NS (n = 84) | UCTD (n = 48) | SARD (n = 75) | SSc (n = 16) | SS (n = 33) | SLE (n = 26) | Followed ≥2 years |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-progressors (n = 38a) | Clinical progressors (n = 12) | ||||||||
| Female, n (%) | 27 (71) | 79 (94) | 45 (93.7) | 67 (89.3) | 14 (87.5) | 26 (78.8) | 26 (100) | 36 (95) | 10 (83) |
| Age, years, mean (s.d.) | 30.9 (11.5) | 43.6 (13.6) | 44.0 (15.2) | 47.7 (15.3) | 55.9 (12.6) | 51 (13) | 38.1 (15.1) | 42.9 (14.7) | 44.7 (11.6) |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 19 (47.5) | 49 (58.3) | 34 (70.8) | 47 (62.6) | 11 (69) | 25 (75) | 11 (42) | 29 (76) | 7 (58) |
| Anti-Ro+ mother, n (%)b | 0 (0) | 7 (8.3) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| ANA titre, n (%) | |||||||||
| 1:160 | 0 (0) | 19 (22.6)c | 11 (22.9)c | 5 (6.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 1 (3.8) | 7 (18) | 3 (25) |
| 1:320 | 0 (0) | 11 (13) | 9 (18.7) | 10 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (15) | 5 (31.9) | 8 (21) | 0 (0) |
| 1:640 | 0 (0) | 27 (32.1) | 16 (33.3) | 23 (30.6) | 3 (18.7) | 13 (39) | 7 (26.9) | 13 (34) | 4 (33) |
| >1:640 | 0 (0) | 26 (30.9)c | 13 (27)c | 38 (50.6) | 13 (81.2) | 13 (39) | 12 (46.1) | 10 (26) | 5 (42) |
| Specific Abs, mean (s.d.) | 0 | 0.8 (1)c | 0.9 (1.1)c | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.7) | 3.1 (2.2) | 0.7 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) |
| Specific Abs, n (%) | |||||||||
| 0 | 38 (100) | 42 (50)c | 18 (37.5)c | 4 (5.3) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (11.5) | 19 (50) | 3 (25) |
| 1 | 0 (0) | 25 (29.7) | 22 (45.8) | 25 (33.3) | 11 (68.7) | 9 (27) | 5 (19.2) | 14 (36) | 3 (25) |
| 2 | 0 (0) | 12 (14.3)c | 5 (10.4)c | 27 (36) | 3 (18.7) | 20 (60) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (7.8) | 4 (33) |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2)c | 1 (2) | 7 (9.3) | 1 (6.2) | 3 (9) | 4 (15.3) | 2 (10) | 0 (0) |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2)c | 2 (4) | 7 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| ≥5 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2) | 6 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (23) | 0 (0) | 2 (16) |
| IFN5 score, median (IQR) | 49 (48–51)c | 53 (50–63)c | 55 (49–64)c | 66 (56–69) | 55 (50–66) | 67 (61–68) | 67 (61–67) | 53 (48–61) | 59 (47–65) |
a
24 ANA+NS and 14 UCTD.
b
Identified as ANA+ following birth of a child born with congenital heart block or other manifestations of neonatal lupus. Other indications for ordering the ANA test by the referring doctors in the study population were arthralgia, skin rash and fatigue. cSignificantly (P < 0.05) different from SARD. Values significantly (P < 0.05) different from ANA−HCs are in bold.