Table 3.

Quality of included studies

Study	1. Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population?	2. Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way?	3. Was the sample size adequate?	4. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	5. Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample?	6. Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition?	7. Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants?	8. Was there appropriate statistical analysis?	9. Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately?	Overall judgement
Constantini et al 20101	Low	High	High	Low	High	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Knapik et al 20112	High	High	Unclear	Low	High	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Lockie et al 201921	High	High	Low	Low	High	Unclear	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Orr et al 20163	High	High	Low	Low	Unclear	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Orr et al 201618	High	High	High	Low	Unclear	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Orr et al 201719	High	High	Low	Low	Unclear	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Tomes et al 202024	High	High	Unclear	Low	High	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low
Wang et al 200325	Low	High	High	Low	High	High	High	Not applicable	Not applicable	Low