Table 2.
ORs from logistic regression models testing the association of active statin prescription at enrolment with adverse 30-day outcomes among VHA veterans with and without a positive respiratory swab for SARS-CoV-2, including adjustment for prior statin use
| No positive swab, n=4 568 689 | ≥1 positive swab, n=2 31 017 | |||||||||||
| Hospital admission | ICU admission | Death | Hospital admission | ICU admission | Death | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Active statin prescription at enrolment | 0.79 | 0.77 to 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.81 to 0.90 | 0.60 | 0.58 to 0.62 | 0.98 | 0.95 to 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.88 to 1.01 | 0.81 | 0.77 to 0.85 |
| Statin prescription 6 months prior to enrolment | 0.91 | 0.89 to 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.83 to 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.9 to 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.9 to 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.91 to 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.89 to 0.99 |
| Sex at birth, female | 0.73 | 0.71 to 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.67 to 0.8 | 0.63 | 0.58 to 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.71 to 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.65 to 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.50 to 0.64 |
| Age category, years | ||||||||||||
| 19–39 | 1.16 | 1.12 to 1.19 | 0.61 | 0.54 to 0.69 | 0.26 | 0.22 to 0.30 | 0.61 | 0.57 to 0.65 | 0.6 | 0.51 to 0.71 | 0.15 | 0.11 to 0.21 |
| 40–49 | 0.97 | 0.94 to 1.01 | 0.81 | 0.73 to 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.40 to 0.54 | 0.75 | 0.70 to 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.59 to 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.30 to 0.48 |
| 50–59 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 60–69 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.03 | 1.16 | 1.08 to 1.25 | 1.95 | 1.81 to 2.10 | 1.29 | 1.23 to 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.21 to 1.46 | 2.86 | 2.55 to 3.20 |
| 70–79 | 0.81 | 0.79 to 0.83 | 1.00 | 0.92 to 1.08 | 2.6 | 2.41 to 2.79 | 1.43 | 1.37 to 1.49 | 1.49 | 1.36 to 1.64 | 5.93 | 5.32 to 6.61 |
| ≥80 | 0.96 | 0.93 to 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.87 to 1.04 | 5.06 | 4.68 to 5.46 | 1.81 | 1.71 to 1.91 | 1.62 | 1.45 to 1.82 | 13.86 | 12.37 to 15.53 |
| White (vs not white) | 1.21 | 1.14 to 1.28 | 1.23 | 1.02 to 1.49 | 1.1 | 0.95 to 1.27 | 0.88 | 0.81 to 0.97 | 0.74 | 0.61 to 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.74 to 1.04 |
| Black vs(not Black) | 1.49 | 1.40 to 1.58 | 1.53 | 1.26 to 1.85 | 1.05 | 0.90 to 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.24 to 1.50 | 1.10 | 0.89 to 1.35 | 0.78 | 0.66 to 0.94 |
| Hispanic (vs not Hispanic) | 1.07 | 1.04 to 1.10 | 1.23 | 1.13 to 1.35 | 1.07 | 0.99 to 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.10 to 1.22 | 1.03 | 0.92 to 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.04 to 1.24 |
| Body mass index category, kg/m² | ||||||||||||
| <18.5 | 1.35 | 1.29 to 1.42 | 1.51 | 1.31 to 1.73 | 2.48 | 2.33 to 2.65 | 1.14 | 1.01 to 1.29 | 1.35 | 1.06 to 1.72 | 1.81 | 1.59 to 2.07 |
| 18.5–24.9 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 25–29.9 | 0.75 | 0.73 to 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.65 to 0.74 | 0.54 | 0.52 to 0.56 | 0.81 | 0.78 to 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.82 to 0.97 | 0.73 | 0.68 to 0.79 |
| 30–34.9 | 0.67 | 0.65 to 0.68 | 0.62 | 0.57 to 0.66 | 0.42 | 0.40 to 0.44 | 0.76 | 0.73 to 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.81 to 0.96 | 0.69 | 0.64 to 0.74 |
| 35–39.9 | 0.63 | 0.61 to 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.52 to 0.62 | 0.37 | 0.35 to 0.40 | 0.76 | 0.72 to 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.76 to 0.94 | 0.64 | 0.59 to 0.70 |
| ≥40 | 0.65 | 0.63 to 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.53 to 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.39 to 0.46 | 0.87 | 0.82 to 0.93 | 1.03 | 0.91 to 1.16 | 0.80 | 0.72 to 0.88 |
| Tobacco use | ||||||||||||
| Never | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Former | 1.25 | 1.23 to 1.28 | 1.12 | 1.06 to 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.04 to 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.08 to 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.02 to 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.12 to 1.24 |
| Current | 2.02 | 1.98 to 2.06 | 1.76 | 1.66 to 1.87 | 1.67 | 1.60 to 1.74 | 1.39 | 1.35 to 1.44 | 1.29 | 1.20 to 1.39 | 1.24 | 1.17 to 1.32 |
| Urban/rural/highly rural residence | ||||||||||||
| Highly rural | 0.68 | 0.64 to 0.73 | 0.98 | 0.82 to 1.18 | 0.92 | 0.81 to 1.05 | 0.58 | 0.50 to 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.54 to 1.00 | 1.16 | 0.98 to 1.38 |
| Rural | 0.74 | 0.73 to 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.70 to 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.87 to 0.92 | 0.70 | 0.68 to 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.82 to 0.93 | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.08 |
| Urban | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Unknown | 0.25 | 0.18 to 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.13 to 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.51 to 1.25 | 0.27 | 0.10 to 0.75 | 0.55 | 0.08 to 3.99 | 1.77 | 0.73 to 4.30 |
| Diabetes | 1.18 | 1.16 to 1.20 | 1.26 | 1.21 to 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.36 to 1.45 | 1.30 | 1.27 to 1.34 | 1.26 | 1.19 to 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.31 to 1.43 |
| Hypertension | 1.22 | 1.19 to 1.24 | 1.30 | 1.22 to 1.39 | 1.09 | 1.04 to 1.14 | 1.30 | 1.25 to 1.35 | 1.29 | 1.19 to 1.41 | 0.96 | 0.90 to 1.02 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 2.04 | 2.01 to 2.08 | 2.69 | 2.55 to 2.84 | 1.88 | 1.81 to 1.95 | 1.84 | 1.79 to 1.90 | 2.08 | 1.95 to 2.23 | 1.24 | 1.18 to 1.30 |
| Heart failure | 2.13 | 2.09 to 2.16 | 2.34 | 2.22 to 2.46 | 2.51 | 2.42 to 2.59 | 1.64 | 1.59 to 1.70 | 1.53 | 1.43 to 1.63 | 1.31 | 1.25 to 1.38 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 1.12 | 1.10 to 1.14 | 1.03 | 0.97 to 1.09 | 0.78 | 0.75 to 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.72 to 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.79 to 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.64 to 0.73 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m² | ||||||||||||
| ≥90 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 60–89 | 0.80 | 0.79 to 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.76 to 0.85 | 0.60 | 0.57 to 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.87 to 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.88 to 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.02 to 1.18 |
| 45–59 | 0.84 | 0.81 to 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.78 to 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.67 to 0.74 | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.91 to 1.10 | 1.44 | 1.33 to 1.56 |
| 30–44 | 0.93 | 0.90 to 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.84 to 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.93 to 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.04 to 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.02 to 1.29 | 1.83 | 1.68 to 1.99 |
| 15–29 | 1.15 | 1.10 to 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.01 to 1.29 | 2.07 | 1.94 to 2.21 | 1.31 | 1.21 to 1.42 | 1.32 | 1.14 to 1.53 | 2.65 | 2.36 to 2.97 |
| <15 or dialysis | 1.60 | 1.52 to 1.69 | 1.77 | 1.56 to 2.00 | 3.07 | 2.85 to 3.32 | 1.46 | 1.33 to 1.60 | 1.51 | 1.29 to 1.77 | 2.48 | 2.16 to 2.85 |
Models additionally adjusted for index month and geographic location by Veterans Integrated Service Network location.