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. 2022 Feb 15;24(2):e32946. doi: 10.2196/32946

Table 3.

Effects of intervention programs on patient outcomes of quality of life (QoL), self-care, and readmissions (N=18).

Study Sample size n (%), Ia/Cb Baseline Postbaseline measures Outcome



T1c (days), P value T2d (days), P value
Athilingam et al [35] 9/9 (50/50) Hospital discharge

  • .93 (30)

  • .01 (30)

  • .03 (30)

  • .18 (30)

 N/Ae

  • Self-care maintenance

  • Self-care management

  • Self-care confidence

  • QoL
Comin-Colet et al [45] 81/97 (46/54) Hospital discharge

  • .06 (180)

  • .001 (180)

  • .01 (180)

 N/A

  • Self-care

  • QoL

  • Readmissions
Dunbar et al [36] 54/54 (50/50) Hospital discharge or within 3 months after discharge

  • <.001 (90)

  • .002 (180)

  • QoL
Evangelista et al [37] 21/21 (50/50) Hospital discharge

  • <.001 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

 N/A

  • QoL overall

  • QoL emotional subscale

  • Self-care maintenance

  • Self-care management

  • Self-care confidence
Frederix et al [46] 80/80 (50/50) Hospital discharge

  • .04 (180)

 N/A

  • Readmissions
Gallagher et al [38] 20/20 (50/50) Hospital discharge

  • .41 (30)

  • .72 (30)

 N/A

  • Self-care (medication adherence)

  • Readmissions
Hwang et al [48] 24/26 (48/52) Recent discharge

  • .03 (360)

  • .03 (720)

  • QoL
Jayaram et al [39] 756/765 (49.7/50.3) Recent discharge

  • .32 (90)

  • .04 (180)

  • QoL
Kotooka et al [47] 90/91- (50/50) Hospital discharge

  • .94 (352)

  • .42 (352)

 N/A

  • QoL

  • HFf readmissions
Kraai et al [50] 94/83 (53/47) Hospital discharge or outpatient clinic

  • .62 (270)

  • .87 (270)

 N/A

  • QoL

  • HF readmissions
Köberich et al [51] 58/52 (53/47) Hospital discharge or outpatient clinic

  • .20 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

 N/A

  • QoL

  • Self-care
Lycholip et al [49] 58/60 (49/51) Recent discharge

  • .77 (90)

 N/A

  • Self-care
Masterson-Creber et al [40] 41/26 (61/39) Hospital discharge

  • .36 (90)

  • .03 (90)

  • .31 (90)

 N/A

  • QoL

  • Self-care maintenance

  • Self-care confidence
Ong et al [41] 715/722 (49.8/50.2) Hospital discharge

  • .25 (30)

  • .63 (30)

  • .02 (180)

  • .54 (180)

  • QoL

  • Readmissions
Pedone et al [52] 50/46 (52/48) Hospital discharge or outpatient clinic

  • .04 (180)

 N/A

  • Readmissions
Ritchie et al [42] 245/233 (51.3/48.7) Hospital discharge

  • .18 (30)

 N/A

  • Readmissions
Srivastava et al [43] 197/870 (18.5/81.5) Recent discharge

  • .07 (352)

 N/A

  • Readmissions
Young et al [44] 54/51 (51/49) Hospital discharge

  • .09 (90)

  • <.001 (90)

  • .09 (180)

  • <.001 (180)

  • Readmissions

  • Self-care adherence

aI: intervention.

bC: control.

cT1: first postbaseline data collection.

dT2: second postbaseline data collection.

eN/A: not applicable.

fHF: heart failure.