Study	Reason for exclusion
Bonham 1963	Quasi RCT compared 'cord traction' with 'maternal effort and then fundal pressure if maternal effort was unsuccessful'.
Giacalone 2000	RCT compared 'placental cord drainage plus cord traction' with 'expectant delivery'. It is unclear how many women required fundal presssure.
Kemp 1971	Quasi RCT compared 'cord traction as part of the active management of third stage' with 'syntometrine plus abdominal manipulation'. Throughout the paper, the term 'abdominal manipulation' was used, except in the printed instructions for staff where it was called 'gentle fundal pressure'. This study was excluded because it was about 'cord traction' rather than 'controlled cord traction' and the control group also included 'early dividing of the umbilical cord'.
Khan 1997	RCT compared 'controlled cord traction' with 'a minimal intervention group where the placenta was delivered by maternal effort'.
Sharma 2005	RCT compared 'placental cord drainage' with 'controlled cord traction'.
Thomas 1990	RCT compared 'placental cord drainage plus controlled cord traction' with 'controlled cord traction'.

RCT: Randomised controlled trial