Table 6.

Intrastudy risk of bias of the included studies according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies

Author	Were the inclusion criteria in the sample clearly defined?	Were the study subjects and the environment described in detail?	Was exposure measured in a valid and reliable manner?	Were objective and standardized criteria used to measure the condition?	Have confounding factors been identified?	Were strategies established to deal with confounding factors?	Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable manner?	Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
Acuña et al.(14)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Albuquerque et al.(15)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Bezerra et al.(16)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Castro et al.(17)	No	Yes	Yes	Not clear	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Cruz et al.(18)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	No
El-Fakhouri et al.(19)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	No
Favarin et al.(20)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	No
França et al.(21)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Freitas et al.(22)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Galvão et al.(23)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Guia et al.(24)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Marques et al.(25)	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Not clear
Matias et al.(26)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Melo et al.(27)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Nascimento et al.(28)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Nogueira et al.(29)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Nogueira et al.(30)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Pauletti et al.(31)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Perão et al.(32)	No	No	Not clear	Not clear	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Del Painter et al.(33)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	No
Queiroz et al.(34)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Rodriguez et al.(35)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	No
Silva et al.(36)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Silva et al.(37)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Soares et al.(38)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Not applicable	Yes	Yes
Sousa et al.(39)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not clear	No	Not applicable	Not clear	Not clear
Vieira et al.(40)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes