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(a) Total field strength at each applied potential. (b) Stern layer electric field strength at each applied potential. (c) Extrapolated CO frequency at the PZC and corresponding Onsager reaction field strength calculated as referenced to the frequency of CO adsorbed to Au in vacuum.21 Error bars in (a) and (b) represent standard deviations from at least three experiments. Error bars in panel (c) are derived from the error in the slope.
