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. 2022 Mar 2;17:31. doi: 10.1186/s13020-022-00580-0

Table 1.

Patient demographic and baseline data

Variable MZRW group
(n = 30)
Placebo group
(n = 30)
P value
Age, mean (SD), y 72.83 (12.24) 77.50 (10.49) .118
Womena, n (%) 17 (56.67%) 12 (40.00%) .196
TCM patterns
 Qi deficiency pattern, n (%) 21 (70.00%) 23 (76.67%) .559
 Other patterns
  Yin Deficiency, n (%) 4 (13.33%) 3 (10.00%) NA
  Yang Deficiency, n (%) 4 (13.33%) 3 (10.00%) NA
  Heat, n (%) 1 (3.33%) 0 (0) NA
  Blood Deficiency, n (%) 0 (0) 1 (3.33%) NA
Palliative Performance Scale, mean (SD) 68.67 (8.90) 66.33 (6.69) .256
No. of stool opening/week, mean (SD) 4.33 (2.96) 4.40 (3.82) .940
Bristol stool typeb, mean (SD) 2.63 (1.63) 3.17 (1.72) .223
Severity of constipationc, mean (SD) 4.73 (1.19) 4.90 (1.17) .586
Individual constipation related symptomsd 
   Sensation of straining, mean (SD) 3.82 (1.30) 3.78 (1.40) .924
   Incomplete evacuation, mean (SD) 3.12 (1.92) 2.97 (2.11) .775
   Bloating, mean (SD) 2.23 (2.10) 2.03 (1.94) .703
   Abdominal pain/cramping, mean (SD) 1.23 (1.63) 1.33 (1.81) .823
   Nausea, mean (SD) 1.58 (1.88) 0.70 (1.42) .044
   Passing of gas, mean (SD) 2.77 (1.77) 2.87 (1.82) .830
Prescription of strong opioids, n (%) 9 (42.86%) 8 (36.36%) 1.000

aP value based on Pearson chi−square test method

bBristol stool type was measured as 1−7point ranging from “separate hard lumps” to “watery”

cSeverity of constipation were assessed as 0−7points ranging from not at all to very severe

dIndividual constipation related symptoms were assessed as 0−6points ranging from not at all to very severe