Table 1.

Description of variables and data sources used to derive binary measures of adolescent ACEs

ACE	Description	Data Source
Bullying	Five variables on frequency someone threatened/blackmailed, told lies about, put down, upset, peer pressured teenager	Teen Focus Research clinic at 12.5years and 15.5years. Child completed questionnaire 16years
Emotional abuse	Four variables asking if parent or partner has been emotionally cruel to the study child	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 11years 2months
Emotional neglect	17 variables asking a range of questions on interactions with parent/carers	Teen Focus Research clinic at 12.5years, 13.5years and 15.5years. Child based and child completed questionnaires 16years
Financial difficulties	Six variables on homelessness and inability to pay for food/heating	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 11years 2months
Parent mental health problems or suicide attempt	14 variables on diagnosed mental health problems, suicide attempts, self harm, and medication for anxiety or depression	Mother, partner and child completed questionnaires at 11years 2months, 12years 1month and 16years
Neighbourhood satisfaction	Four variables of neighbourhood satisfaction	Teen Focus research clinic at 15.5years and child completed questionnaire at 14years
Parent child bond	Three variables measuring how close the partner or mother feels to the study child and a clinic-based measurement of adult/child harmonious interactions	Teen Focus research clinic at 12.5years. Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 12years 1month
Parent convicted offence	Four variables on whether parent or carer convicted of offence	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 11years 2months and 12years 1month
Parental separation	Six variables on whether parents had divorced or separated	Mother, partner, and child completed questionnaires at 11years 2months and 16years
Physical abuse	Four variables asking if parent or partner has been physically cruel to the study child	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 11years 2months
Social support—child	Eight variables on number of close friends and satisfaction with friendships	Teen Focus Research clinic at 12.5years, 13.5years and 15.5years
Social support—parent	Two variables on whether the parent has anybody to share feelings with	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 12years 1month
Household substance abuse	One variable asking if respondent has ever had a drug addiction	Partner completed questionnaire at 11years 2months
Violence between child and partner	Six variables on violence in a romantic relationship	Teen Focus research clinic at 13.5years
Violence between parents	Two variables on physical cruelty between parents	Mother and partner completed questionnaires at 11years 2months