. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2021 Dec 22;601(7894):588–594. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

Extended Data Table 2 |. Fine genetic structure in Iron Age Britain.

This is an expanded version of Table 1 including not just ancestry estimates for each group but also pairwise population comparisons. We pool all individuals from each period and region removing those failing qpAdm modeling at p<0.01 according to Supplementary Table 5. In the left columns are qpAdm estimates of ancestry for each group. Below diagonal are Z-scores from f₄(Row population, Column population; Turkey_N, OldSteppe) (highlighted in red if |Z|>3). Above diagonal are inbreeding-corrected F_ST values (highlighted in yellow if F_ST>0.0025).

		qpAdm results (3-way model)							Tests for difference in ancestry between row & column (below diagonal f₄-statistic Z-score, above-diagonal F_ST)
	N	P-value for qpAdm (3-way model)	WHG (3-way model)	EEF (3-way model)	Steppe (3-way model)	WHG err. (3-way model)	EEF err. (3-way model)	Steppe err. (3-way model)	Scotland West	Scotland Southeast	Scotland Orkney	England Midlands	England North	England Cornwall	England East Anglia	England East Yorkshire	England Southeast	England Southwest	England Southcentral	Wales North	Wales South

Scotland West	4	0.12	13.0%	32.3%	54.7%	0.8%	1.0%	1.2%		0.0007	0.0006	0.0032	0.0035	0.0052	0.0035	0.0046	0.0034	0.004	0.0034	n/a	0.0038
Scotland Southeast	12	0.67	12.1%	33.9%	54.0%	0.6%	0.7%	0.9%	0.3		0.001	0.0012	0.0008	0.0028	0.0017	0.003	0.0014	0.0015	0.0019	n/a	0.0018
Scotland Orkney	2	0.22	14.2%	34.1%	51.6%	1.1%	1.2%	1.6%	0.7	1.1		0.0018	0.0013	0.0037	0.0007	0.0029	0.0014	0.0021	0.0021	n/a	0.0074

England Midlands	18	0.66	12.6%	36.0%	51.4%	0.5%	0.6%	0.8%	2.8	3.4	0.9		0.0001	0.0022	0.001	0.0028	0.0008	0.0009	0.0013	n/a	0.0016
England North	10	0.35	13.4%	36.3%	50.3%	0.6%	0.8%	1.0%	2.4	2.6	0.9	0.1		0.0027	0.0005	0.0016	0.0002	0.0007	0.0009	n/a	0.0019
England Cornwall	16	0.40	13.5%	36.4%	50.1%	0.5%	0.7%	0.8%	3.0	3.8	1.1	0.9	0.9		0.0025	0.0041	0.002	0.0021	0.0024	n/a	0.0024
England East Anglia	21	0.44	13.5%	37.0%	49.5%	0.5%	0.5%	0.7%	3.7	4.8	1.7	0.9	1.1	0.1		0.002	0.0007	0.0011	0.0013	n/a	0.0012
England East Yorkshire	47	0.61	13.2%	37.0%	49.8%	0.4%	0.5%	0.6%	4.1	5.4	2.1	1.5	1.7	−0.6	−0.5		0.0022	0.0026	0.0023	n/a	0.0028
England Southeast	36	0.13	13.9%	38.3%	47.8%	0.5%	0.5%	0.6%	5.4	7.2	2.8	−3.8	−3.2	−2.5	−3.4	−3.2		0.0008	0.0005	n/a	0.0008
England Southwest	84	0.30	13.7%	38.7%	47.6%	0.4%	0.4%	0.6%	5.6	8.4	3.3	−4.5	−4.3	−3.3	−3.7	−3.4	0.2		0.0009	n/a	0.0013
England Southcentral	38	0.32	13.9%	38.8%	47.2%	0.4%	0.5%	0.6%	5.6	7.5	3.3	−4.6	−3.6	−2.7	−3.0	−3.3	0.0	−0.2		n/a	0.0013

Wales North	1	0.20	12.1%	34.7%	53.2%	1.6%	2.0%	2.5%	0.8	1.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.5	2.9	3.1	3.6	3.6	3.5		n/a
Wales South	2	0.66	14.2%	38.6%	47.2%	1.2%	1.5%	1.8%	−2.7	−3.1	−1.5	−1.6	−1.3	−1.2	−1.0	−0.9	0.0	0.4	0.3	−1.9