Table 1.
Patient demographics and characteristics of pancreatic lesions
| Characteristics | Training cohort (N=351) | Internal validation cohort (N=109) | External validation cohort 1 (N=50) | External validation cohort 2 (N=48) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDAC (n=264) | CP (n=87) | P | PDAC (n=73) | CP (n=36) | P | PDAC (n=39) | CP (n=11) | P | PDAC (n=38) | CP (n=10) | P | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 64 ± 9 | 62 ± 10 | 0.027 | 63 ± 11 | 63 ± 10 | 0.768 | 67 ± 11 | 66 ± 10 | 0.712 | 59 ± 12 | 48 ± 14 | 0.015 |
| Sex | 0.128 | 0.628 | 0.822 | 1 | ||||||||
| Male | 161 | 45 | 39 | 21 | 25 | 6 | 26 | 7 | ||||
| Female | 103 | 42 | 34 | 15 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 3 | ||||
| Location | 0.248 | 0.117 | 0.543 | 0.379 | ||||||||
| Head or neck | 139 | 52 | 35 | 23 | 15 | 6 | 27 | 5 | ||||
| Body or tail | 125 | 35 | 38 | 13 | 24 | 5 | 11 | 5 | ||||
| Lesion size (mm, mean ± SD) | 35.45 ± 12.98 | 37.34 ± 12.97 | 0.241 | 35 ± 23.04 | 32.25 ± 10.07 | 0.496 | 43.97 ± 11.70 | 35.72 ± 12.93 | 0.049 | 42.18 ± 15.94 | 33.4 ± 18.67 | 0.141 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||||||
| Serum CEA (ng/mL, median ± SD) | 22.27 ± 88.54 | 10.49 ± 30.10 | 0.225 | 18.73 ± 57.04 | 41.02 ± 209.26 | 0.396 | 5.9 ± 5.78 | 3.75 ± 3.54 | 0.25 | 21.26 ± 84.46 | 6.44 ± 9.87 | 0.585 |
| Serum CA19-9 (ng/mL, median ± SD) | 3258.38 ± 4638.75 | 897.78 ± 2237.45 | <0.001 | 2587.03 ± 4106.84 | 1379.50 ± 2927.84 | 0.118 | 2371.79 ± 8594.64 | 2587.75 ± 7858.74 | 0.941 | 1148.60 ± 4548.04 | 145.89 ± 321.94 | 0.493 |
| Diagnosis | 0.407 | 0.286 | 1 | 0.172 | ||||||||
| Surgery | 79 | 22 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 3 | ||||
| US-FNAB | 185 | 65 | 59 | 32 | 34 | 10 | 23 | 7 | ||||
PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CP chronic pancreatitis, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 199, UC-FNAB ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, SD standard deviation