Table 1.
Sex-specific characteristics of study population across phases I, III, and V
| Phase I | Phase III | Phase V | P I-III a | P III-V | P I-V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (N = 2024) | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 75.2 ± 12.3 | 78.9 ± 13.2 | 80.5 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 88.8 ± 10.9 | 96.4 ± 10.1 | 97.8 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 27.2 ± 4.0 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking (non-smokers) | 1516 (75.4) | 1549 (77.8) | 1609 (79.7) | 0.006 | 0.011 | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (active) b | 408 (20.3) | 228 (19.6) | 208 (19.4) | 0.431 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| Marital status (married) | 1698 (83.9) | 1903 (94.2) | 1966 (97.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Education (> 12 years) | 374 (18.5) | 488 (24.5) | 545 (26.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Women (N = 2871) | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 67.6 ± 12.0 | 70.2 ± 12.1 | 71.7 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 87.3 ± 12.4 | 90.8 ± 12.6 | 95.8 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 4.8 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 29.9 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking (non-smokers) | 2783 (97.6) | 2731 (97.3) | 2771 (96.9) | 0.978 | 0.348 | 0.058 |
| Physical activity (active) b | 760 (26.7) | 240 (13.8) | 166 (12.9) | < 0.001 | > 0.999 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status (married) | 2597 (90.5) | 2732 (95.2) | 2758 (96.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Education (> 12 years) | 251 (8.8) | 377 (13.4) | 449 (15.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
WC waist circumference; BMI body mass index
aAdjustment for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction (comparisons with phase1 and phase3)
bActive Physical activity was defined as MET ≥600 min/week by using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire