Table 3.

Sex-specific mixed effects estimates on body mass index (BMI) of study population, coefficient (95% CI)

	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
Men
Age	0.28(0.20, 0.35)	< 0.001
Age2	−0.003(− 0.004, − 0.002)	< 0.001
Time (Ref: Phase I)
Phase III	1.68(1.06, 2.30)	< 0.001
Phase V	1.60(0.41, 2.78)	0.008
Time*age (Ref: Phase I)
Phase III *age	−0.014(− 0.027, − 0.002)	0.028
Phase V *age	− 0.005(− 0.028, 0.018)	0.662
Smoking (Ref: non-smoker)	− 0.38(− 0.57, − 0.19)	< 0.001
Physical activity (Ref: high)	0.16(0.05, 0.27)	0.005
Education (Ref: > 12 year)	−0.07(− 0.31, 0.16)	0.534
Spouse: (Ref: married)	−1.03(−1.30, − 0.77)	< 0.001
Women
Age	0.61(0.53, 0.69)	< 0.001
Age2	−0.006(− 0.007, − 0.005)	< 0.001
Time (Ref: Phase I)
Phase III	−1.24(− 1.89, − 0.59)	< 0.001
Phase V	−2.92(−4.20, − 1.65)	< 0.001
Time*age (Ref: Phase I)
Phase III *age	0.04(0.03, 0.05)	< 0.001
Phase V *age	0.08(0.06, 0.11)	< 0.001
Smoking (Ref: non-smoker)	−0.69(−1.14, − 0.23)	0.003
Physical activity (Ref: high)	0.12(0.02, 0.23)	0.024
Education (Ref: > 12 year)	0.74(0.46, 1.03)	< 0.001
Marital status: (Ref: married)	−1.69(−2.03, − 1.35)	< 0.001

Model includes age, age-squared, study phase year, age interacted with study phase year, smoking, education, and marital status