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. 2022 Mar 2;19:21. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01245-9

Table 2.

Risk of Bias Scores for the Qualitative Studies

Authors Formal Requirements Credibility Transferability Dependability Confirmability Total Recommendation
Beck et al., 2016 [31] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 2.50 16.90 R
Bentley et al., 2015 [32] 3.00 3.57 4.00 4.00 2.50 17.07 R
Berry et al., 2010 [33] 3.00 3.86 4.00 4.00 2.83 17.69 R
Bevington et al., 2020 [34] 2.50 2.71 3.40 2.67 1.17 12.98 RWR
Birken et al., 2015 [35] 3.00 4.00 3.20 4.00 3.00 17.20 R
Brown & Smolenaers, 2018 [36] 2.50 4.00 3.00 4.00 2.67 16.20 R
Carson et al., 2014 [37] 3.00 4.00 3.40 3.33 3.00 17.40 R
Evans et al., 2011 [38] 2.50 3.86 3.20 4.00 3.00 16.60 R
Faulkner et al., 2016 [39] 3.00 3.86 3.40 4.00 2.83 17.09 R
Gardner et al., 2017 [40] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.83 18.23 R
Golden et al., 2020 [41] 3.00 3.60 3.40 4.00 3.00 17.00 R
Hale et al., 2019 [42] 2.70 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.30 18.00 R
Handler et al., 2019 [43] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.50 17.90 R
Hattersley et al., 2009 [44] 3.00 3.57 3.40 4.00 2.33 16.30 R
Hinkley & McCann, 2018 [45] 3.00 3.29 3.20 3.83 2.50 15.82 R
Huxtable et al., 2018 [46] 3.33 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.83 18.17 R
Irwin et al., 2005 [47] 2.67 4.00 3.40 4.00 2.67 16.74 R
Learmonth et al., 2019 [48] 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 18.50 R
Martin Ginis et al., 2018 [49] 2.50 4.00 3.60 4.00 3.20 17.30 R
Neher et al., 2020 [50] 3.00 3.86 4.00 4.00 3.67 18.53 R
Nobles et al., 2020 [51] 2.83 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.50 17.73 R
Riazi et al., 2017 [52] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.17 17.57 R
Sebastiao et al., 2015 [53] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.50 17.90 R
Slater et al., 2010 [54] 2.50 2.71 3.20 2.80 2.33 13.505 RWR
Stanley et al., 2020 [55] 3.00 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.00 17.40 R
The Health Perspective, 2002 [56] 1.33 1.00 1.60 1.83 1.00 6.76 NR

R Recommended, RWR Recommended with Reservations NR Not Recommended