Table 1.
Demographic data and characteristics of the subjects in this study
| Variable | Healthy | EOA | LOA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Mild a | Severe b | |||
| n (%) | 38 | 44 | 130 | 35 | 95 |
| Men | 15 (39.5) | 13 (29.5) | 32 (24.6) | 3 (8.6) | 29 (30.5) |
| Women | 23 (60.5) | 31 (70.5) | 98 (75.4) | 32 (91.4) | 66 (69.5) |
| Age, years (range) | 50.7 ± 6.3* (39–62) | 52.4 ± 5.6# (42–65) | 70.3 ± 8.3 (50–85) | 68.1 ± 8.66 (50–81) | 71.1 ± 8.0 (50–85) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (Range) | 28.30 ± 2.67 (25.04–35.83) | 27.02 ± 4.27 §,‡ (18.62–38.83) | 29.98 ± 4.69 (20.78–46.88) | 28.73 ± 4.59 (20.90–40.00) | 30.44 ± 4.67 (20.78–46.88) |
| Family history of OA, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 26 (68.4) | 34 (77.3) | 78 (60.0) | 25 (71.4) | 53 (55.8) |
| No | 12 (31.6) | 8 (18.2) | 50 (38.5) | 10 (28.5) | 40 (42.1) |
| I do not know | 0 | 2 (4.5) | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 (2.1) |
| Occupational risk, n (%) | 16 (42.1) | 25 (56.8) | 34 (26.2) | 4 (11.4) | 30 (31.6) |
| Previous knee injury, n (%) | 15 (39.5) | 19 (43.2) | 29 (22.3) | 10 (28.6) | 19 (20.0) |
| Left Knee | |||||
| Pain at rest (0–10) | – | 2.3 ± 1.5 (0–8) | 4.6 ± 2.3 (0–9) | 4.2 ± 2.0 (0–8) | 4.8 ± 2.9 (0–9) |
| Pain at walking (0–10) | – | 3.6 ± 2.4 (0–10) | 6.0 ± 2.3 (0–10) | 5.8 ± 1.9 (1–9) | 6.0 ± 2.4 (0–10) |
| KL grade, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 38 (100) | 42 (95.5) | – | – | – |
| 1 | – | 2 (4.5) | 4 (3.1) | 0 | 4 (4.2) |
| 2 | – | – | 42 (32.3) | 35 (100.0) | 7 (7.4) |
| 3 | – | – | 78 (60.0) | – | 78 (82.1) |
| 4 | – | – | 6 (4.6) | – | 6 (6.3) |
| Right Knee | |||||
| Pain at rest (0–10) | – | 2.9 ± 2.7 (0–8) | 4.6 ± 2.2 (0–9) | 3.9 ± 2.2 (0–8) | 4.8 ± 2.3 (0–9) |
| Pain at walking (0–10) | – | 4.1 ± 1.8 (0–10) | 6.0 ± 2.3 (0–10) | 5.4 ± 2.6 (0–10) | 6.2 ± 2.2 (0–9) |
| KL grade, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 38 (100) | 38 (86.4) | – | – | – |
| 1 | – | 6 (13.6) | 10 (7.7) | 1 (2.9) | 9 (9.5) |
| 2 | – | – | 38 (29.2) | 34 (97.1) | 4 (4.2) |
| 3 | – | – | 73 (56.2) | – | 73 (76.8) |
| 4 | – | – | 9 (6.9) | – | 9 (9.5) |
Except where indicated, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation
BMI Body mass index, OA Osteoarthritis, EOA Early OA, LOA Late OA, KL Kellgren and Lawrence grade
aMild-LOA: KL of 2 in at least one knee; b Severe-LOA: KL of 3 or 4 in at least one knee
Differences among groups were compared by analysis of variance or Student’s t-test
*p < 0.0001: healthy group vs i) Total-LOA, ii) LOA-mild, and iii) LOA-severe OA groups
# p < 0.0001: EOA group vs i) LOA, ii) mild, and iii) severe OA groups
§ p < 0.01: EOA group vs LOA group
‡ p < 0.001: EOA group vs Severe group