Study	Reason for exclusion
Albrecht 1988	Uncontrolled case series.
Antman 1990	Uncontrolled case series.
Eddleston 2003	No randomisation ‐ outcomes in patients included in a prospective observational study were compared to patients identified by a retrospective review of hospital records.
Hickey 1991	Uncontrolled surveillance study.
Ibanez 1995	Retrospective study.
Kirkpatrick 1991	Uncontrolled study of adverse reactions.
Lavaux 2004	Uncontrolled retrospective study.
Love 1998	Uncontrolled case series of patients ingesting multiple poisons.
Montoya 1995	Uncontrolled case series of patients ingesting multiple poisons.
Oliveri 1971	Uncontrolled case series.
Reissell 1982	Volunteer study in patients on maintenance digoxin (no acute poisoning).
Roberts 2006	Convenience sample from a randomised controlled trial in patients with acute poisoning.
Schaumann 1986	Uncontrolled case series.
Smith 1982	Uncontrolled case series.
Smith 1991	Uncontrolled case series.
Smolarz 1984	Uncontrolled case series.
Taboulet 1993b	Non‐randomised case series.
Wenger 1985	Uncontrolled case series.
Wenger 1991	Patients were a subgroup from an uncontrolled case series.
Woolf 1991	Patients were a subgroup from an uncontrolled case series.
Woolf 1992	Patients were a subgroup from an uncontrolled case series.