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. 1999 Jan;12(1):9–18. doi: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.9

TABLE 1.

RV-induced immune responses and association with clinical observationsa

Immune response Locationb Associated clinical observationsb Reference(s)
Upper airway
 ↑ Kinins NS ↑ Symptom scores 98
 ↑ Neutrophils or myeloperoxidase NS ↑ Symptom scores 91, 98, 125
 ↓ Lymphocytes Blood ↑ Symptom scores 90
 ↑ Lymphocytes NS ↑ Symptom scores 91
 ↑ RV-specific T-cell proliferation Blood ↑ Nasal mucus 75
 ↑ Albumin NS ↑ Symptom scores 98
 ↑ IL-1 NS ↑ Symptom scores 105
 ↑ IL-2 (ex vivo) Blood ↓ Nasal mucus, ↓ duration of viral shedding 75
 ↑ IL-6 NS ↑ Symptom scores 139
 ↑ IL-8 NS ↑ Symptom scores 58, 130
Lower airway
 ↑ Eosinophil cationic protein Sputum ↑ Airway responsiveness 57
 ↓ Lymphocytes Blood ↑ Airway responsiveness, MFEV1 24, 43
 ↑ Neutrophils NS ↑ Airway responsiveness 58
 ↑ IL-8 NS ↑ Airway responsiveness 58
 ↑ IL-11 NS Wheezing 32
a

Modified from reference 39 with permission of the publisher. 

b

Abbreviations: NS, nasal secretions; MFEV1, maximum fall in forced expiratory volume, during a methacholine challenge.