Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria according to population, intervention, controls, outcome, and study type (PICOS)

Criterion	Inclusion	Exclusion
Publication and study type	-Empirical, peer-reviewed articles published in English language -Publication year > 1999 -Use of structural or functional brain imaging techniques such as: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)	-Any nonempirical works (e.g. reviews) -Studies not published in peer-reviewed journal articles and/or in a language other than English -Studies not including neuroimaging analyses
Population	-Members of a sexual minority group (assessed via identity, attraction, behaviour) of any age, including mixed samples of sexual and gender minorities	-Studies focusing exclusively on members of the sexual majority (i.e. heterosexual participants; by identity, behaviour, attraction) -Studies focusing exclusively on gender minority groups -Studies including participants with a current or past history of substance abuse, bipolar or psychotic disorders -Studies conducting neuroimaging among individuals diagnosed with a major medical illness, including HIV/AIDS. Exceptions included if studies examined relevant group comparisons for the current review (e.g. HIV negative sexual minorities as compared to HIV negative heterosexuals) -Studies concerned with paedophilia or sexual arousal
Intervention/Exposurea	n/a	n/a
Controlsa	n/a	n/a
Outcome	-Examined the neural correlates of any minority stressor, including implicit measures (i.e. analyses of sexual minorities in general will implicitly examine minority stress); or - directly examined group differences between sexual minority and heterosexual participants	n/a

^aNo inclusion/exclusion criteria specified.