Table 2. Clinical factors associated with ESS.
| Variable | ESS n(%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Average | High | |||
| FBS mmol/l, n = 193 | 5.0 (4.7, 5.4) | 4.3 (3.9, 5.0) | 4.4 (4.0, 4.9) | 0.77 | |
| Hypertension status, n = 233 | Hypertensive | 2 (6.7) | 6 (10.2) | 10 (6.9) | 0.71 |
| Normotensive | 28 (93.3) | 53 (89.8) | 134 (93.1) | ||
| HIV status, n = 242 | HIV negative | 29 (93.5) | 55 (90.2) | 135 (90.0) | 0.82 |
| HIV positive | 2 (6.5) | 6 (9.8) | 15 (10.0) | ||
| Antiretroviral therapy class, n = 17 | NNRTI | 0 (0.0) | 3 (75.0) | 5 (41.7) | 0.43 |
| INSTIs | 1 (100.0) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| PIs | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| ABI, n = 210 | Normal | 26 (96.3) | 41 (89.1) | 130 (94.4) | 0.31 |
| PAD | 1 (3.7) | 5 (10.9) | 7 (5.1) | ||
| History of Tuberculosis, n = 22 | Yes | 2 (100) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (21.4) | 0.05 |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 5 (83.3) | 11 (78.6) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus type 2, n = 242 | Yes | 3 (9.7) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (2.0) | 0.09 |
| No | 28 (90.3) | 59 (96.7) | 147 (98.0) | ||
| Alanine amino transferase, mmol/l, n = 37 | 24 (20, 39) | 61 (44, 101) | 22 (17, 44) | 0.013 | |
| Aspartate amin transferase, mmol/l, n = 35 | 29 (21, 48) | 27 (23, 49) | 23 (19, 28) | 0.16 | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l, n = 145 | 3.9 (3.4, 4.5) | 3.9 (3.2, 4.3) | 3.8 (3.2, 4.6) | 0.98 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl, n = 228 | 15.0 (13.1, 15.3) | 14.7 (13.1, 15.6) | 13.7 (12.1, 14.7) | 0.001 | |
| Hematocrit, %, n = 219 | 43 (34, 47) | 44 (39, 46) | 40.7 (35.9, 44) | 0.002 | |
| RBC x 1012/L, n = 230 | 4.9 (4.3, 5.4) | 4.9 (4.5, 5.5) | 4.6 (4.0, 5.0) | <0.001 | |
| RDW, %, n = 229 | 13.4 (12.8, 14.9) | 13.9 (13.0, 14.8) | 13.7 (12.9, 14.9) | 0.73 | |
ESS, erythrocyte sodium sensitivity; ASR, adjusted standardized residual; RDW, red cell distribution width; RBC, red blood cell; FBS, fasting blood sugar; ABI, ankle brachial index; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; INSTIs, Integrase strand transfer inhibitors; PAD, Peripheral artery disease; PIs, protease inhibitors.