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. 2022 Feb 16;13:821199. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821199

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Copyright © 2022 Oneda, Cao, Haraguchi, Sasaki and Shibata.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Wave form and acrophase of PER2:LUC expression rhythm in each organ in LD or SJL conditions during ND feeding. (A–C) Waveforms for each group in kidney, liver, and submandibular gland. The group raised under normal LD conditions was designated as the control. (D–F) Acrophase for each group in kidney, liver, and submandibular gland. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (ND-control, n = 6; ND-SJL, n = 7; ND-SJL × Wheel, n = 6). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test).