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. 2022 Feb 16;13:821199. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821199

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Copyright © 2022 Oneda, Cao, Haraguchi, Sasaki and Shibata.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Free-running cycle of mice under DD condition. (A) Representative double-plot actograms of the behavior of mice reared under DD conditions for 10 days as measured by an infrared sensor. (B) Representative double-plot actogram of behavior measured by a wheel-running device during 10 days of rearing under DD condition. (C) Free-run cycle calculated from behavioral rhythms. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (No-Wheel, n = 9; Wheel, n = 7). ###p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney test).