TABLE 1.
Concentrations of volatile and nonvolatile nitrosamines in urinea
| N-Nitrosamineb | Concn (μg/day)c of nitrosamine in:
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Uninfected controls (n = 27) | Schistosomiasis patients (n = 27) | Schistosomiasis patients with bladder cancer (n = 23) | |
| Volatile | |||
| NDMA | 0.27 ± 0.47 [11] | 2.74 ± 6.13 [24]* | 1.31 ± 1.65 [20]** |
| NDEA | 0.4 [1] | 0.26 ± 0.71 [6] | 0.17 ± 0.47 [4] |
| NPIP | 0.6 [1] | 0.21 ± 0.43 [10]** | 0.09 ± 0.19 [4] |
| NPYR | 0.7 [1] | 0.26 ± 0.35 [12]* | 0.14 ± 0.36 [5] |
| Total | 0.32 ± 0.64 | 3.5 ± 6.4 [25] | 1.7 ± 2.0 [20] |
| Nonvolatile | |||
| NSAR | 3.40 ± 5.91 [24] | 6.01 ± 3.45 [27]* | 6.24 ± 9.90 [23] |
| NPRO | 7.16 ± 5.07 [27] | 17.01 ± 7.14 [27]** | 12.61 ± 3.37 [23]* |
| NTCA | 11.69 ± 7.60 [27] | 24.37 ± 9.27 [27]** | 15.93 ± 3.78 [23] |
| NMTCA | 9.08 ± 5.55 [27] | 15.12 ± 6.81 [12]** | 9.47 ± 4.60 [23] |
| Total | 31.5 ± 22.5 [27] | 65.9 ± 25.8 [27]* | 46.0 ± 11.2 [23] |
a
Reprinted from reference 213 with permission of the publisher.
b
Volatile nitrosamines: NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine; NDEA, N-nitrosodiethylamine; NPIP, N,N-nitrospiperidine; NPYR; N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Nonvolatile nitrosamines: NSAR, N-nitrososarcosine; NPRO, N-nitrosoproline; NTCA, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; NMTCA; N-nitroso-2-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.
c
Values are mean ± SD of individual values; the number of positive samples is given in brackets. Comparison with the levels detected in the Egyptian control group: ∗, P < 0.1; ∗∗, P < 0.05.